Midzi yemiti chikamu chakakosha cherhizosphere, ichitamba basa guru mukutakura mvura nezvinovaka muviri muvhu. Uyezve, kugadzirwa kwebiomass pamusoro pevhu kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemidzi yemiti. Kukura kwemidzi nekupararira kwayo muvhu kunoratidza kugona kwembeu kupinza zvinovaka muviri nemvura. Kuvandudza midzi yemiti kunoita kuti ikwanise kupinza mvura, zvinovaka muviri, uye zvicherwa kubva muvhu zviri nani. Inenge 49% yekuwedzera kwegoho kunokonzerwa nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekutarisira mbesa, uye 51% yasara inokonzerwa nekuvandudzwa kwemajini. Zvinodzora kukura kwembesa zvinoderedza kugara uye kuwedzera huremu hwezviyo zvakakosha pakuwedzera goho. Kugara kunoderedza kufamba kwemvura nezvinovaka muviri uye photosynthesis, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwegoho rechibage. Mwero wekugara unokanganisawo huwandu hwembesa dzenzeve nehuremu hwezviyo, zvichideredza kunaka kwegoho. Kugara kwechibage kunoitika zvakanyanya pachikamu chechitatu che basal panguva yekuzadza zviyo, sezvo apa ndipo apo makabhohaidhiretsi kubva padzinde anotakurwa kuenda kudziva. Kukura kwechibage nguva isati yakwana uye kugara kwechibage zvine chekuita nekukura kwemidzi. Kuongorora midzi chinhu chakakosha pakuwedzera goho uye kuderedza kugara munyika yakaomamasisitimu ekurima.13
Kunyorova kwakakwana kwevhu kunogona kuwedzera huwandu hwemidzi yakaoma munzvimbo imwe neimwe. Zvichienzaniswa nenzira dzechinyakare dzekushandisa fetereza, kushandisa zvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa (PPRs) kunogona kuwedzera kutorwa kwemvura nezvinovaka muviri kubva muvhu nemidzi. Kumanikidzwa kwemidzi chiratidzo chekuyerera kwemvura yemidzi uye kubudiswa kwayo. Kuburitswa kwemidzi kunoenderana nekusimba kwayo, nepo kushanda kwemidzi kuchisiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ehunyoro hwevhu, rudzi rwechirimwa, uye mwaka wekukura. Mumunda, zvakaoma kunzwisisa maitiro emidzi nemazvo, nepo kuburitswa kwemidzi kuchigona kushandiswa kufanotaura maitiro emidzi uye zvinovaka muviri uye kutorwa kwemvura. Kugara kwemidzi kunokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira nhamba yemidzi, dhayamita yemidzi, uye gwara rekukura. Kuwanda kweLignin chikamu chakakosha chemidzi uye kune mhedzisiro yakakura padanho rekugara kwemidzi. Ethephon inodzora kukura kunoshanda iyo inogona kuderedza njodzi yekuramba kwemidzi. Ethephon inogona kushandiswa kuderedza kureba kwemidzi yechibage, kuwedzera simba remuchina, uye kuvandudza kunamira kwemidzi. Ethephon nechlormequat chloride zvinogona kuwedzera zvinobudirira kuramba kwekugara uye zviratidzo zvehomoni zve endogenous. DA-6 yakaderedza zvakanyanya mwero wekugara, nhamba yekutya, uye kureba kwemiti, uye kupinda kwemidzi kwakavandudzika. Saka, kugadzirisa matambudziko ekugara kwezvirimwa zvekurima kwakakosha kuti pave negoho rakagadzikana uye rakakwirira.
Tinofungidzira kuti munzvimbo dzisina mvura yakawanda, kusanganisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekurima nevanotonga kukura kwezvirimwa kunogona kuderedza njodzi yekugarira kwechibage uye kuwedzera goho. Kuti tiedze fungidziro iyi, kuyedza uku kwakayera mhedzisiro yenzira dzakasiyana dzekurima pamwe chete nevanodzora kukura kwezvirimwa pahunhu hwefizikisi yemadzinde echibage, chimiro chemidzi, chimiro chemamorekuru emasumbu etsinga, huwandu hwemahormone emukati memuto wemidzi, uye goho. Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi ndechekupa hwaro hwedzidziso yekuvandudza kuramba kwekugara kwechibage uye goho munzvimbo dzisina mvura yakawanda. Kushandiswa kwevanotonga kukura kwezvirimwa kunobatsira pakutarisira kugadzirwa kwekurima.
Kugoverwa kwemvura nekupisa kwemwedzi wega wega paminda yekuedza mukati memwaka wekurima chibage wa2021 na2022.
Uchishandisa modhi iyi, avhareji yekukura kwemidzi (Ć) panguva yekukura inogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura inotevera:
Padanho rekuumbwa kwepanicle, zvirimwa zvishanu zvakasarudzwa kubva pamunda wega wega, uye midzi yakabviswa pakati pemuti, daro riri pakati pemitsara riri hafu yehupamhi nehurefu hwemuti. Mushure mekusukurudza midzi, hunyoro hwepamusoro hwakaomeswa nepepa rekusefa, uye huwandu hwemidzi hwakaverengwa. Midzi mitsva yecoltsfoot yakaomeswa pa80°C kusvika pahuremu hwayo hwakaenzana, mushure mezvo huremu hwayo hwakaoma hwakayerwa. Kuyerera kwehomoni yemukati kwakaongororwa uchishandisa enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Wang et al.).
Mhedzisiro yenzira dzakasiyana dzekurima pamwe chete nevanogadzirisa kukura kwezvirimwa pahuremu hwemidzi pakadzika kwe 0–100 cm muna 2022. Mitsetse yakatwasuka inomiririra chikanganiso chakajairwa cheavhareji (SEM) (n = 3). Mabhii madiki anoratidza mutsauko wakakosha padanho rekukosha kweP ≤ 0.05 (LSD test).
Mhedzisiro yenzira dzakasiyana dzekurima pamwe chete nevanogadzirisa kukura kwezvirimwa pahuwandu hwemidzi pahudzamu hwe 0–100 cm muna 2022. Mitsetse yakatwasuka inomiririra chikanganiso chakajairwa cheavhareji (SEM) (n = 3). Mabhii madiki anoratidza mutsauko wakakosha padanho rekukosha kweP ≤ 0.05 (LSD test).
Kurapa kwakawanda kwekurima pamwe chete nevanotonga kukura kwezvirimwa kwakakanganisa zvakanyanya hunhu hwemidzi yakavandudzwa padanho rekutanga (Tafura 6). Mukurapa kweEYD neEYR, dhayamita, vhoriyamu, kona yekutsvedza, uye huremu hwakaoma hwemidzi yakavandudzwa zvakawedzera, nerotary tillage pamwe chete nevanotonga kukura kwezvirimwa veJindel neYuhuangjin zvichiratidza mhedzisiro yakanakisisa. Mumakore ese ari maviri ekudzidza, kushandiswa kwevanotonga kukura kwezvirimwa kwakawedzera dhayamita, vhoriyamu, kona yekutsvedza, uye huremu hwakaoma hwemidzi yakavandudzwa. Zvichienzaniswa nekurapa kwekudzora, huwandu hwemidzi yakavandudzwa mukurapa kweEYD, EYR, uye EYB hwakawedzera zvakanyanya muna 2021. Zvisinei, hapana mutsauko wakakosha wakaonekwa pakati pekurapa muna 2022.
Mukurapa kwese kwekurima, chiyero chekugara (EYD), chiyero chekugara (EYR), indekisi yekugara (EH), chiyero chekugara (EHC), uye chiyero chekugara (CG) kwechibage muna 2021 na2022 zvaive zvakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura mune mamwe makore (Tafura 8). Kurapa kwakasiyana-siyana kwekurima kwakavandudza zvakanyanya chiyero chekugara uye indekisi yekugara, ukuwo kushandiswa kweJindel + Yuhuangjin plant growth regulator kwakawedzera chiyero chekugara. Muna 2016, pakanga pasina mutsauko wakakosha mu indekisi yekugara, chiyero chekugara, uye chiyero chekugara pakati pemakore maviri ekudzidza. Kubatana pakati pe indekisi yekugara, chiyero chekugara, uye chiyero chekugara nezvimwe kurapwa kwekurima kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mukurapa kwekurima kwechiyero chekugara uye indekisi yekugara, zvichikonzera kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwekugara.
Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzekurima, vanodzora kukura kwezvirimwa vanogona kudzora kukura kwezvirimwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzira.,kudzora chimiro chezvirimwa, uye kuwedzera huwandu hwe lignin, huwandu hwemahormone ezvirimwa, uye goho.Zvinozivikanwa kuti vanodzora kukura kwezvirimwa vane mukana wekuti mitengo yekudyara yakaderera..Parizvino, zvichienzaniswa nekurapwa kwekudzora, kurapwa kweEYD kunoratidza huwandu hwakawanda hwe lignin mu internode yechitatu. Huwandu hwe lignin hwakabatana zvakanyanya nekushanda kwezviratidzo zvemahormone endogenous, izvo zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yezvidzidzo zvekare. Kusagadzikana kwekugara kwenguva refu kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kwezviri mukatiye lignin, cellulose, makabhohaidhiretsi, uye zvinhu zvakaita sehukobvu hwemakwati,nhambayemasumbu etsinga dzeropa, uye mwero wekusimba kweropa. Muchidzidzo ichi, zvakaonekwa kuti ukobvu hwemakwati nehuwandu hwemasumbu etsinga dzeropa dzechibage hwakawedzera nekurapwa kweEYD. Mukurapwa kweEYD, masumbu madiki etsinga dzeropa akazara, uye masumbu makuru etsinga dzeropa akagadzirwa zvakanaka. Masumbu etsinga dzeropa dzezvirimwa akakoshawo pakufambisa mvura nezvinovaka muviri.45 Kupinda kwetsinga dzeropa dzechibage kwakabatana zvakanaka nehuwandu hwemasumbu etsinga dzeropa.42 Mukurapwa kweEYD, zvichienzaniswa nekurapwa kwekudzora, SLR yakaderera ne97%, RLR ne65%, uye TLR ne74%.
Nzira huru dzekudyidzana dzaive kubudiswa kwemuto wemidzi uye huwandu hwemahormone emukati memuti. Mukurapa kweEYD, mwero wekuburitswa kwemuto wemidzi wakakwira zvakanyanya pamatanho ese ekukura kupfuura mune mamwe marapirwo ese. Pakanga pasina mutsauko wakakura muhuwandu hwekuburitswa kwemuto wemidzi pakati pekurapa kweER neEYR, kana pakati pekurapa kweYB neEYB padanho rekukura chero ripi zvaro. Uyezve, pamazuva makumi maviri nemashanu nemazana maviri nemashanu mushure mekudyara, mwero wekuburitswa kwemuto wemidzi wakakwira zvakanyanya mukurapa kweYD neEYD kupfuura mune mamwe marapirwo ese. Nzira yekurima yakachinja zvakanyanya mwero wekuburitswa kwemuto wemidzi. Rototillage yakawedzera zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwemuto wemidzi, izvo zvakavandudza zvakanyanya kugona kwemidzi kutora zvinovaka muviri uye goho.46Padanho reV7 nekuzadza zviyo, HAPANA−uye NH4+kutakurwayakanga yakakwira zvakanyanya mukurapa kweEYD kupfuura mune mamwe marapirwo. Kutakurwa kweIonic mumuto wemidzi kwaive kwakakwirawo zvakanyanya mukurapa kweEYD kupfuura mune mamwe marapirwo padanho rekukura kwakasiyana. Masumbu etsinga dzemiti akakoshawo pakufambisa mvura, zvinovaka muviri, uye photosynthesis.34Matishu ekutakura netsinga dzeropa zvine hukama hwakanaka muzvirimwa zvechibage.38
Kusimba kwehunde uye chimiro chemidzi zvakavandudza kugona kwemuti kutakura mvura, zvinovaka muviri, uye photosynthesize, izvo zvakakanganisa danho rekuzadza mbeu. Pakasanganiswa rotary tillage ne plant growth regulator (PGR) spraying uchishandisa Kindle + Yuhuanghuang, EYD neEYR treatments zvakawedzera miganhu yemidzi. Muna 2021, huwandu hwemidzi hwakawedzera zvakanyanya mukurapa kweEYD, EYR, uye EYB, asi musiyano wacho wakanga usina kukosha muna 2022. Plant growth regulators vanogona kuvandudza kutorwa kwemidzi nekuvandudza chimiro chemidzi. Kuwanda kwemahormone akasiyana-siyana, pane kuwanda kwemahormone chaiwo, kunosarudza mhedzisiro yemuviri.
Kushandiswa kwezvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa panguva yekurima kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekudzika midzi, kunyanya nekuwedzera simba remidzi. Zvakabuda muongororo yedu zvinoratidza kuti kushandiswa kweJindel + Yuhuangjin pamwe chete nerotary tillage kwakaderedza zvakanyanya mwero wekugara, kwakavandudza kupararira kwemidzi uye kuoma, uye kwakavandudza microstructure yemidzi, huwandu hwe lignin, chimiro chemidzi yebuttress, uye goho rechibage. Kurapa kweEYD kwakakurudzira kukura kwemidzi, kwakawedzera huwandu hwe lignin, uye simba remidzi yebuttress, ukuwo kuchideredza zvakanyanya mwero wekugara. Uyezve, zviri mukati meNO3- neNH4+ zvaive zvakanyanya mukurapa kweEYD pane mukurapa kweED neYD. Mwero wekutapurirana kweZn, Fe, K, Mg, P, uye Ca wakasvika pahukuru hwazvo mukurapa kweEYD neEYR. Kurapa kweEYD kwakawedzera angle yekutsvedza kwemidzi, vhoriyamu yehuremu hwakaoma, uye dhayamita yemidzi yebuttress. Zvichienzaniswa nekurapa kweED neYD, Ć, cm, uye Wmax values yeTRDW, ARD, uye TRL yakawedzera zvakanyanya nekurapa kweEYD neEYR. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweRLD, ARD, uye RDWD nekurapwa kweEYD kunokurudzira kukura kwemidzi, kunatsiridza hunyoro hwevhu, uye kunatsiridza kutorwa kwezvinovaka muviri, nokudaro zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya kuramba kurimwa kwembesa uye zvichimiririra nzira inoshanda yekuderedza njodzi dzezvirimwa munzvimbo dzisina mvura yakawanda. Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti matekinoroji aya zvishandiso zvinovimbisa varimi vari munzvimbo dzisina mvura yakawanda, zvichivagonesa kuchengetedza goho guru rechibage uku vachideredza kurasikirwa kwembesa. Zvisinei, kutsvagurudza kwakawanda kunodiwa pakushandiswa kwevatongi vekukura kwezvirimwa mukurima kwakabatana uye nzira dzavo dzekudzora mumhando dzakasiyana dzechibage.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-02-2026