Nekukura kwekurima zvipfuyo zvakawanda mumaruwa, kudzivirira zvirwere kwave kwakakosha zvikuru, kunyanya munguva yezhizha inopisa uye ine hunyoro aponhunzi neumhutukuwanda kwevanhu vakawanda, zvichikurumidzisa kupararira kwezvirwere zvemhuka uye zvichiva njodzi huru yekupararira kwezvirwere. Izvi zvakaunza migumisiro yakaipa yakawanda mukugadzirwa kweindasitiri yezvipfuwo. Maitiro ekudzivirira nhunzi nekubvisa umhutu nesainzi ave dambudziko guru rinofanira kugadziriswa nemapurazi makuru ezvipfuyo ekumaruwa.
Nekuda kwekupisa kwezhizha, kudya kwemhuka kunokanganiswa, kunzwa kwadzo kune dzimwe nyika kunowedzera. Masikati, dzinokanganiswa nenhunzi, uye husiku, dzinorumwa neumhutu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hadzikwanise kuwana zororo rakakwana. Uyezve, nekuda kwekurumwa nenhunzi neumhutu, zvinovaka muviri zviri mumiviri yemhuka zvinobviswa, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kukura kwadzo uye kuramba kwemuviri kurwara.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti umhutu nenhunzi zvinogona kutakura marudzi anopfuura makumi matanhatu emabhakitiriya, mavhairasi netupukanana. Pakati pazvo, marudzi anopfuura makumi mashanu etupukanana tunotapuriranwa uye tunotapurirwa nenhunzi. Zvirwere zvakakosha zvinokanganisa zvipfuyo nekuberekesa huku zvinosanganisira: chirwere chetsoka nemuromo, pseudorabies, fivha yenguruve, furuwenza yeshiri, chirwere cheNewcastle, avian Pasteurella multocida, avian Escherichia coli, coccidiosis, nezvimwewo. Munguva yekupararira kwezvirwere, zvinogona kukurumidzisa kupararira kwezvirwere zvinopararira uye kuwedzera kuoma kwekudzivirira nekudzora zvirwere. Pamusoro pezvo, mumatanga ekuberekesa nguruve, umhutu nenhunzi zvinogona kukonzera mastitis yakanyanya munguruve uye zvakare kuparadzira Streptococcus uye kukonzera Streptococcus meningitis munguruve diki. Tsvagiridzo yakaratidzawo kuti umhutu nenhunzi inhunzi dzinokonzera fivha yenguruve, anaplasmosis uye gastroenteritis inotapukira.
Kudzora nharaunda ndiyo nzira inonyanya kukosha yekudzora umhutu nenhunzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubvisa manyuchi ekuberekesa, kuita kuti kuvirisa kwemhuka pandove yezvipfuwo nezvimwe zvinosvibisa kuchengetedza hutsanana hwakanaka, zvichiita kuti zvive zvisina kunaka kuti mazai emhutu, makonye nevakuru vararame, kana kudzivirira kuti nhunzi hadzi dzikwanise kuisa mazai. Kugadzira nzvimbo yakakodzera yemapurazi ezvipfuwo ndicho chinhu chekutanga chakakosha pakurera mhuka dzine hutano. Pakuvaka mashedhi makuru ezvipfuwo, hazvidiwi chete kuti ukwanise kudzivirira mvura neunyoro, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kudziya muchando nekutonhorera muzhizha, asi kutarisisa kwakakosha kunofanirawo kupihwa pakuva nemabasa ekudzivirira zvipembenene nezvirwere. Naizvozvo, pakuvaka mashedhi ezvipfuwo, sarudza nzvimbo ine nzvimbo yakakwirira uye yakaoma, yakatarisa kumaodzanyemba, ine ivhu rakati sandara uye ine materu mashoma. Marongerwo eshedhi yezvipfuwo anofanira kunge akakodzera, achifunga nezvekurapa nekushandisa manyowa, weti netsvina, uye ave nechokwadi chekuti mhepo inofema zvakanaka mukati meshedhi, izvo zvinoita kuti mvura ibude uye kuburitsa tsvina.
Chengetedza kuchena uye hutsanana hwenzvimbo dzekuberekesa nenharaunda yakapoteredza, bvisa nzvimbo dzekuberekesa umhutu nenhunzi, bvisa tsvina neweti nekukurumidza munzvimbo dzekuberekesa, chenesa nzvimbo dzekudyira nedzemvura nguva nenguva, zadza madziva emvura nenzvimbo dzakadzika, shandisa nzira dzemvura dziri pasi pevhu kuti ubvise mvura, chengeta ndove kure nenzvimbo dzekugara nenzvimbo dzekuberekesa, uye shandisa mishonga yemakemikari nguva dzose yekuuraya nhunzi huru nehonye. Mushure mekusuka nzvimbo dzekuberekesa, tsvaira mvura, wedzera mhepo kuti uome pasi penzvimbo.
Mumapurazi makuru ezvipfuyo ari kumaruwa, nekuda kwenzvimbo dziri kure, zvakaoma kutarisira zvakakwana nharaunda yakapoteredza. Nokudaro, matanho akadai sekubvisa sora rakatenderedza mashedhi ezvipfuyo, kuvhara magonhi nemahwindo emashedhi nepurasitiki, uye kudzivirira nhunzi neumhutu kuti dzisapinde mumashedhi anogona kutorwa. Masikati, misungo yezvipembenene inongoerekana yapinda inogona kushandiswa kubvisa nhunzi, uye husiku, michina inouraya umhutu yakagadzirwa neGuangzhou Jiaobao Technology Electrical Appliance Factory inogona kushandiswa kubvisa umhutu.
Kune madziro nematenga anopfuura mita imwe kubva panzvimbo yemukati, avo vane mvura yakawanda vanofanira kushandisa mushonga wakawanda, uye kushandiswa kwakawanda kunofanira kuitwa. Kune vanhu vasina mvura yakawanda, mishonga yakawanda asi ine mwero wakaderera inofanira kushandiswa. Mishonga iyi inogona kuva 48% chlorpyrifos, yakaderedzwa ka150 kusvika ka200, kana kuti Kainuo yakaderedzwa ka200 kusvika ka300. Pakupfapfaidza munzvimbo, 5%mushonga wezvipembenenemushonga wekumisa zvipembenene, 6% Kill-Duoxi zvipembenene oiri, 5% Wei Hui Jing suspension, nezvimwewo zvinogona kushandiswa. Kunze kwepurazi renguruve, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inoshanda zvikuru inofanira kupfapfaidzwa pamadziro enzvimbo dzakavharirwa, makomba emupfudze, migero yetsvina, madziva, nenzvimbo dzine marara akaunganidzwa, kuitira kuti pasave nenzvimbo dzekuberekera umhutu, honye nenhunzi. Pakushandisa nzira dzemakemikari kudzora umhutu nenhunzi, mishonga isina chepfu kana isina chepfu shoma inofanira kusarudzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inogona kuuraya umhutu nenhunzi zvinobudirira uku ichivimbisa kukura nekukura kwenguruve. Panguva imwe chete, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nekuda kweumhutu nenhunzi, kunyanya nhunzi, vana vadzo vanokura kusawirirana nemamwe mishonga yemakemikari nekukurumidza. Kushandisa mushonga mumwe chete wekudzivirira kunoderedza zvishoma nezvishoma mhedzisiro uye kunoita kuti kudzora umhutu nenhunzi kuome zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemishonga dzinofanira kusarudzwa kuti dzishandiswe pakutenderera kuti dzive nechokwadi chekuti kudzora kunobudirira. Chekupedzisira, mishonga kana zvimwe zvinowedzerwa pakuuraya nhunzi nehonye zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa muchikafu cheboka rese, izvo zvinogona kuzadzisa chinangwa chekudzinga nekuuraya tupukanana pamiviri yenguruve pamatanho ese, zvichiita kuti ganda renguruve rive rakachena uye rinopenya, uye kuwedzera kukura; tsvina yenguruve inogonawo kuva mushonga wekuuraya honye dziri mugomba retsvina, nokudaro zvichiita kuti nhunzi dzishande zvakanaka.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-08-2026
