Mishumo mizhinji inobata zvipembenene zvitatu zvakakosha zveLepidoptera, kureva,Chilo suppressalis,Scirpophaga incertulas,uyeCnaphalocrocis menalis(ese Crambidae), izvo zvinovavarirwaBtmupunga, uye zvipembenene zviviri zvakakosha zveHemiptera, kureva,Sogatella furciferauyeNilaparvata lugens(zvose Delphacidae).
Maererano nemabhuku, zvikara zvikuru zvepidopteran rice tupukanana ndevemhuri gumi dzeAraneae, uye kune dzimwe mhuka dzinodya kubva kuColeoptera, Hemiptera, uye Neuroptera.Maparasitoids etwumbuyu remupunga anonzi lepidopteran anobva kumhuri nhanhatu dzeHymenoptera dzine mhando shoma kubva kumhuri mbiri dzeDiptera (kureva, Tachinidae neSarcophagidae).Pamusoro pezvipembenene zvitatu zvikuru zvelepidopteran zvipembenene, LepidopteraNaranga aenescens(Noctuidae),Parnara guttata(Hesperidae),Mycalesis gotama(Nymphalidae), uyePseudaletia separata(Noctuidae) zvakare zvakanyorwa sezvipembenene zvemupunga.Nemhaka yokuti hazvikonzeri kurasikirwa kukuru kwemupunga, zvisinei, hazviwanzoongororwa, uye ruzivo rushoma runowanikwa maererano nevavengi vavo chaivo .
Vavengi venyama vezvipembenene zviviri zvikuru zvehemipteran,S. furciferauyeN. lugens, dzakadzidzwa zvakanyanya.Mhuka zhinji dzemhuka dzinonzi dzakarwisa hemipteran herbivores ndidzo dzimwechete dzinorwisa lepidopteran herbivores, nekuti dzinonyanya kurwisa.Zvipembenene zvehemipteran zvipembenene zveDelphacidae zvinonyanya kubva kumhuri dzehymenoptera Trichogrammatidae, Mymaridae, uye Dryinidae.Saizvozvo, hymenopteran parasitoids inozivikanwa nechero bugNezara viridula(Pentatomidae).The thripsStenchaetothrips biformis(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) zvakare chipukanana chemupunga muSouthern China, uye zvikara zvawo zvinonyanya kubva kuColeoptera neHemiptera, nepo pasina parasitoid yakanyorwa.Orthopteran mhando dzakadaiOxya chinensis(Acrididae) inowanikwawo muminda yemupunga, uye zvikara zvavo zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira mhando dzeAraneae, Coleoptera, uye Mantodea.Oulema oryzae(Chrysomelidae), chipembenene chakakosha cheColeoptera muChina, chinorwiswa nezvikara zvecoleoptera uye hymenopteran parasitoids.Vavengi vakuru vezvipembenene ve dipteran ma hymenopteran parasitoids.
Kuongorora nhanho iyo arthropods inoratidzwa kune Cry mapuroteni mukatiBtminda yemupunga, kuyedza kwakadzokororwa kwakaitwa pedyo neXiaogan (Hubei Province, China) mumakore 2011 na2012.
Iwo maratidziro eCry2A akaonekwa mumatumbu emupunga akaunganidzwa muna 2011 uye 2012 akafanana.Mashizha emupunga aive nehuwandu hwepamusoro hweCry2A (kubva pa54 kusvika 115 μg / g DW), ichiteverwa nemupunga wemupunga (kubva pa33 kusvika 46 μg / g DW).Iwo madzinde aive neakadzika zvakanyanya (kubva pa22 kusvika 32 μg/g DW).
Nzira dzakasiyana dzesampling (kusanganisira suction sampling, beating sheet nekuona kutsvaga) dzakashandiswa kuunganidza makumi maviri nepfumbamwe anowanzo sangana nechirimwa-inogara arthropod mhando muBtuye kudzora minda yemupunga panguva uye mushure meanthesis muna 2011 uye pamberi, panguva uye shure kweanthesis muna 2012. Iyo yakanyanya kuyerwa yeCry2A mune yakaunganidzwa arthropods chero ipi zvayo yemazuva ekuenzanisa inoratidzwa.
Huwandu hwe13 nontarget herbivores kubva kumhuri gumi neimwe dziri dzeHemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, uye Thysanoptera dzakaunganidzwa dzikaongororwa.Mukurongeka Hemiptera vakuru veS. furciferauye nymphs nevakuru veN. lugensyaive nehuwandu hweCry2A (<0.06 μg/g DW) nepo puroteni haina kuonekwa mune mamwe marudzi.Kusiyana neizvi, zviyero zvakakura zveCry2A (kubva ku0.15 kusvika 50.7 μg / g DW) zvakaonekwa mune zvose kunze kwemuenzaniso mumwe weDiptera, Thysanoptera, uye Orthoptera.The thripsS. biformisyaiva nepamusoro-soro yeCry2A yezvose zvakaunganidzwa arthropods, iyo yakanga iri pedyo nekuiswa mumucheka wemupunga.Panguva yeanthesis,S. biformisyaive neCry2A pa51 μg/g DW, yaive yakakwira kupfuura iyo yekumisikidzwa mumienzaniso yakaunganidzwa pamberi peanthesis (35 μg/g DW).Saizvozvowo, chiyero cheprotein mukatiAgromyzasp.(Diptera: Agromyzidae) yaive > 2 nguva dzakakwirira mumasampuli akaunganidzwa panguva yemupunga anthesis kupfuura kare kana mushure meanthesis.Kusiyana neizvi, level inEuconocephalus thunbergii(Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) yaive yakakwira kakapetwa ka2.5 mumasampuli akaunganidzwa mushure meanthesis kupfuura panguva yeanthesis.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-06-2021