Fetereza ndiyo hwaro hwekuwanikwa kwechikafu. Kuzivikanwa kwenyika dzakawanda dzinotenga fetereza kubva kunze kwenyika uyefeterezaMhando dzavanotenga dzinoratidza zvakananga mamiriro ekurima pasi rose.
I. Pfupiso Yepasi Rose: Huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika hunoda kusvika matani mamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe, uye vatatu vepamusoro vanotenga kunze kwenyika vanosvika 40%
Muna 2024, huwandu hwese hwefetereza hwakatengwa munyika 168 nenzvimbo pasi rose hwaive matani angangoita 289 miriyoni. Maitiro ekutengwa kwefetereza ane huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu:
Brazil iri pamberi pasi rose senyika inonyanya kutenga fetereza inotakura zvinhu zvakawanda pasi rose iine matani angangoita mamiriyoni 46.07 (15.9%);
ichiteverwa neUnited States (inenge matani mamiriyoni 32.97, 11.4%) uye India (inenge matani mamiriyoni 32.40, 11.2%). Nyika nhatu idzi dzakabatana dzinoita 38.5% yezvinhu zvinotengeswa pasi rose;
Nyika gumi dzepamusoro dzakanyora kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvinosvika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi manomwe nerimwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe ematani, zvichimiririra 59.4% yehuwandu hwenyika yose uye zvichiumba "boka rekutanga rinotenga zvinhu zvinosvika".
II. Nyika neMatunhu Epamusoro zana Nehuwandu Hwekupinza Fetereza Pasirose, 2024
Kubva pamaonero edunhu, kudiwa kwefetereza kubva kunze kwenyika kwakanyanya kunowanikwa munyika huru dzekurima uye hupfumi husina zviwanikwa.
III. Kugoverwa Kwematunhu: Maitiro Ezvikamu Zvitatu Pakati peAsia, Latin America neEurope
Munharaunda, kudiwa kwefetereza kubva kunze kwenyika kwakanyanya munyika huru dzekurima uye hupfumi husina zviwanikwa.
Asia ndiyo nyika ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvichibva muhuwandu hwevanhu vakawanda muIndia, China neSoutheast Asia, pamwe chete nekurima mupunga nezvirimwa zvinotengeswa nemari. MuLatin America, kurima soya muBrazil neArgentina kunoita kuti pave nekudiwa kukuru kwenitrogen, phosphorus nepotassium fertilizer. Ichimiririrwa neFrance, Germany nedzimwe nyika, Europe inoona huwandu hwakawanda hwefertilizer dzakasanganiswa nedzemvura.
IV. Musanganiswa weZvigadzirwa: Mhando dzeFetereza Dzakanakisisa 5 dzeNyika Imwe Neimwe yeNyika Dzakanakisisa 20 Dziri Kutenga Zvinhu
Tsanangudzo yeMashoko:
Muriate yePotash; Urea; Diammonium Phosphate; Monoammonium Phosphate; NPK Compound Fertilizer; Ammonium Sulfate; Ammonium Nitrate Solution; Calcium Ammonium Nitrate; Ammonium Nitrate; Sulfate yePotash; Anhydrous Ammonia; Phosphate Rock; Triple Superphosphate; Single Superphosphate.
V. Ruzivo Runobva Padata: Zvinhu Zvina Zvinofanira Kutariswa Nemaindasitiri
1. Potash Fertilizer (MOP) ndiyo inotengeswa zvakanyanya pasi rose nefetereza inotengeswa kunze kwenyika
Pakati penyika makumi maviri dziri pamusoro dzinotenga zvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika, Muriate of Potash (MOP) inoonekwa pakati penyika shanu dziri pamusoro munyika zhinji uye iri panhamba 1 muBrazil, United States, Indonesia, China, Malaysia, Belgium nedzimwe. Izvi zvinoratidza maitiro ekugoverwa kwezviwanikwa zvepotash pasi rose uye kuvimba nekutenga zvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika dzakawanda dziri pamusoro penyika.
2. Urea ndiyo inoumba fertilizer yenitrogen inotengwa kunze kwenyika zvakanyanya
Urea inowanikwa kakawanda (ka17) pakati penyika shanu dzepamusoro munyika makumi maviri idzi uye iri pekutanga muAustralia, Thailand, Türkiye, Mexico, Poland, United Kingdom, Spain nedzimwe. Ndiyo fertilizer yakasimba ine nitrogen inodhura zvakanyanya uye ndiyo mhando yefertilizer ine nitrogen inotengeswa zvakanyanya mukutengeserana kwenyika dzese.
3. Kuvapo pamwe chete kweammonium phosphates (DAP/MAP) nephosphate rock (PR) kunoratidza kusiyana kuripo mumacheni ekugadzirisa
Nyika dzeUnited States, Canada neAustralia dzinoda kutenga zvinhu zveMonoammonium Phosphate (MAP). India, Türkiye, Belgium, Republic of Korea nedzimwe nyika dzinotenga zvinhu zvakawanda zvephosphate rock (PR) sechikafu chekugadzirisa zvinhu. Bangladesh, India neCanada dzinotenga Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). Izvi zvinoratidza kupatsanurwa kwemaindasitiri pakati pe "kutumira zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa" uye "kutumira zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa".
3. Urea-Ammonium Nitrate solution (UAN) uye NPK compound fertilizers zvinoratidza hunyanzvi hwekurima nemazvo.
4. Mushonga weUrea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) unonyanya kuonekwa pakati pemishanu yepamusoro muFrance, United Kingdom, Belgium, United States nedzimwe nyika dzekumadokero, uchiratidza masisitimu ekushandisa michina nemafetiraiza emvura. Fetereza dzeNPK dzine chikamu chikuru muSpain, Poland, United Kingdom, Thailand, Indonesia nedzimwe nzvimbo, zvichiratidza mafambiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu kuburikidza ne "fodya imwe chete".
VI. Mhedziso
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwegore ra2024, kutengeswa kwefetereza pasi rose kunoratidzwa ne "kutonga kwenyika shoma huru uye musanganiswa wezvigadzirwa wakanyatsojeka". Brazil, United States neIndia dzine 40% yezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Potash neurea zvinoshanda sezvinhu zvikuru; kutengeswa kweammonium phosphate /phosphate-rock kunosanganisira kupatsanurwa kwecheni yekugadzira; mafetiraiza emvura neakabatanidzwa anoratidza kukura kwekurima kwakanyatsojeka.
Kune makambani anopinza nekutumira fetereza kunze kwenyika, vatengesi nevaongorori vemaindasitiri, kunzwisisa zvinodiwa nenyika dzinopinza zvigadzirwa pamwe nezviyero zvekutenga zvinoshanda sehumbowo hwakakosha pakugadzira nzira dzemusika uye kuronga marongero ezvekutengesa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-25-2026
