Munguva pfupi yapfuura, National Agricultural Technology Center, pamwe chete neInstitute ofKudzivirirwa KwemitiveChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences nedzimwe sangano, vakagadzira nekuburitsa "Technical Guidance for Using Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Control Major Pests and Diseases of Corn". Chinangwa ndechekuvandudza sainzi uye mwero wakajairika wekushandiswa kwemidziyo yekurima isina mutyairi mukudzivirira nekudzora zvipembenene zvikuru zvechibage, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko mukudzivirira nekudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere pakati nepakati pechibage.
Nhungamiro yeUnyanzvi pakushandisa Mota dzeNdege Dzisina Mutyairi dzekurima dzeKudzora Zvipembeneneuye Kudzivirira Zvipembenene Zvikuru zveChibage neZvirwere
Sekureva kwezvakataurwa neNational Agricultural Technology Center, mugore ra2026, zvirwere zvechibage nezvipembenene zvichave zvakanyanya kuitika munyika. Pakati pazvo, zvipembenene zvakaita sezvipfukuto zvechibage, makonye edonje, nezvipembenene zvematanda zvichave zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina neYellow-Huaihai Plain. Chirwere chekuora kwemashizha chichava nenjodzi huru yekudzokororwazve muYellow-Huaihai Plain, Southwest China, neNortheast China.
1. Sarudzo chaiyo yemidziyo yekudzora
(1) Tarisa nguva yakakodzera yekudzivirira. Zvichienderana nenguva yekuitika, rudzi, uye kuoma kwezvirwere zvechibage nezvipembenene, sarudza zvipembenene zvikuru zvinonangwa uye nguva yakakodzera yekudzivirira zvichienderana nemamiriro emuno.
Kubva panguva yekukohwa nzeve huru kusvika padanho rekuburitsa mungu, dunhu rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva rinotarisa pakudzivirira nekudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere zvakaita sechibage, aphids, double-spotted leaf beetle, large spotted spotted, uye grey spot disease; dunhu reHuaihai rinotarisa pakudzivirira nekudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere zvakaita sechibage, sticky tumbuyu, stem rot, southern rust disease, uye small spot disease; dunhu rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero rinotarisa pakudzivirira nekudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere zvakaita sechibage, sticky tumbuyu, red spider mites, double-spotted long-level tumbuyu, stem rot, uye large spot disease; dunhu rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero rinotarisa pakudzivirira nekudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere zvakaita segrassy stem borer, corn borer, sticky tumbuyu, stem rot disease, uye large spot disease.
Kubva padanho rekuumbwa kwezviyo kusvika padanho remukaka, mudunhu reNortheast, nzira huru yekudzora zvipembenene inotarisa pazvipfukuto zvechibage, slugs, zvipembenene zvemashizha zvine mavara maviri, zvirwere zvesmut, zvirwere zvemapopoma makuru, uye zvirwere zvegrey spot; mudunhu reHuang-Huai-Hai, inonyanya kutarisana nezvipfukuto zvechibage, peach borer, cotton bollworms, smut diseases, southern rust diseases, uye zvirwere zvemapopoma madiki; mudunhu reNorthwest, inonyanya kudzora zvipfukuto zvechibage, red spider mites, double-spotted leaf beetles, smut diseases, major spot diseases; mudunhu reSouthwest, inonyanya kutarisa chibage chinokonzerwa nemhashu, zvipfukuto zvechibage, smut diseases, major spot diseases, uye grey spot diseases.
(2) Sarudza mishonga yezvipembenene yakakodzera. Kuti udzivise uye udzore zvipembenene zvakaita segreen stem borer, sticky moth, uye corn borer, mishonga yezvipembenene inofanira kushandiswa panguva yekukura kwezvipembenene vachiri vadiki. Mishonga yezvipembenene yakakodzera inosanganisira Bacillus thuringiensis, chlorpyrifos-methyl, methamidophos-aminobenzoate, uye ethyl polyhydroxybenzyl imidazoline. Kuti udzore aphids, mishonga yezvipembenene inofanira kushandiswa panguva yekutanga kwekukura kwezvipembenene. Mishonga yezvipembenene yakakodzera inosanganisira thiamethoxam, thiamethionam, uye imidacloprid. Kuti udzore peach borer necotton bollworm, mishonga yezvipembenene inofanira kushandiswa panguva yekutanga kwekukura kwezvipembenene vachiri vadiki. Mishonga yezvipembenene yakakodzera inosanganisira tetra-cyanothiamamide, chlorpyrifos-methyl, methamidophos-aminobenzoate, uye cypermethrin. Kuti udzore zvirwere zvakaita se large spot disease, small spot disease, southern rust, uye grey spot disease, mishonga yezvipembenene inofanira kushandiswa panguva yekutanga kwekukura kwechirwere. Mishonga yezvipembenene yakakodzera inosanganisira flufurafos-dimethylamine, pyrazofamet, cipcon-pyrimidinethione, uye oxamoxazin-pentazole. Kuminda yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya, mushonga wechipiri unogona kushandiswa mushure memazuva 7-10. Kuti chirwere chekuora nzeve chidzoke, mishonga yezvipembenene inofanira kushandiswa panguva yekutanga kwechirwere. Mishonga yezvipembenene yakakodzera inosanganisira pyrazofamet, flufurafos-dimethylamine, uye ethylate. Pamusoro pezvo, panguva yekushanda kwe "one spray for multiple promotions", zvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa zvakakodzera zvinogona kuwedzerwa kuti zvivandudze hutano hwezvirimwa zvechibage uye kudzivirira kukwegura nguva isati yakwana uye kukurudzira kuwedzera kwegoho.
II. Kusarudza fomu yakakodzera yemushonga uye kuwedzera zvinhu zvinobatsira pakusanganisa mutangi
(1) Sarudza fomu yakakodzera yemuyero wesainzi. Mafomu emuyero wemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene akakodzera kushanda kweagro drones anosanganisira ma suspension agents, ma dispersible oil suspension agents, ma water-based agents, water emulsions, microemulsions, water-soluble granules, uye emulsifiable oil solutions. Upfu nehupfu hwemvura hazvina kuenderana zvakanaka. Pakusanganisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakawanda, zvinokurudzirwa kuiwedzera nenzira inotevera: mvura - ma solid agents (water-soluble granules) - ma suspension agents (dispersible oil suspension agents, suspension agents) - emulsion agents (microemulsions, water emulsions) - dispersion liquid agents (emulsifiable oil solutions). Mushure mekuwedzera mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene wega wega, iva nechokwadi chekusanganisa zvakakwana kuti uwane mhinduro yakasimba, isinganyunguduke, uye isina kuparadzaniswa usati wawedzera mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene unotevera. Izvi zvinodzivirira kuumbwa kwema clumps, kuvharika kwemuromo, kana kudzikiswa kwekushanda kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene.
(2) Gadzirisai mwero wekuwedzera zvinhu zvinosanganisa mabhaketi. Musati maita basa rekupfapfaidza, huwandu hwakakodzera hwezvinhu zvinosanganisa mabhaketi hunofanira kuwedzerwa mumushonga wezvipembenene kuti uvandudze mashandiro awo, kukurudzira kugadzika kwemadonhwe, kuderedza kurasikirwa nekudonha, kuwedzera kusimba kwekunaya kwemvura uye kupwa kwemvura, uye kuwedzera simba rekudzora. Chinhu chikuru chinofanira kupihwa pakushandisa zvinhu zvakakosha zvekupfapfaidza mumhepo, uye kutarisisa kunoenderana nemishonga inoshandiswa. Kudzivirira kutadza kwemushonga wezvipembenene kana kuti kusawirirana. Kazhinji, musanganiswa unofanirwa kuwedzerwa pamwero we0.5% - 1% yehuwandu hwemvura yekupfapfaidza. Huwandu hwekuwedzera hunogona kugadziriswa zvakakodzera zvichienderana nerudzi rwemusanganiswa, huwandu hwemushonga wezvipembenene, uye nzvimbo yekushanda.
III. Tevedzera zvinodiwa pakupfapfaidza mudenga.
(1) Nzvimbo Yebasa. Ita mabasa ekupfapfaidza mishonga yezvipembenene uchishandisa madrone ekurima munzvimbo yakashama uye ine mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka. Usati watanga basa rekupfapfaidza, ongorora nharaunda yakapoteredza nzvimbo yekupfapfaidza, sarudza muganhu wekupfapfaidza, ongorora zvizere njodzi dzinogona kuitika, uye dzivirira kudonha kwemadonhwe emishonga yezvipembenene kuti asakuvadze zvipembenene zvisiri izvo uye kukuvara kwezvirimwa munzvimbo yakapoteredza. Mukati memamita mazana maviri kubva panzvimbo yekupfapfaidza, hapafanirwe kunge paine zvirimwa zvinogadzira nectar.
(2) Nzvimbo yekushanda. Panguva yekuisa mishonga yezvipembenene, kumhanya kwemhepo munzvimbo iyi kunofanira kunge kuri pasi pedanho rechitatu (≤ 3.4 m/s), uye tembiricha yenzvimbo inofanira kunge iri pakati pe15℃ ne30℃. Dunhu rega rega rinogona kusarudza nguva yakakodzera yekuisa zvinhu zvichibva pamamiriro chaiwo ezvinhu, uye rinofanira kudzivirira nguva iri pamusoro pe30℃. Kana paine mhute yakawanda kana dova, kuisa mishonga yezvipembenene kunofanira kuitwa mushure mekunge mhute nedova zvanyangarika.
4. Gadza zvinonzwisisika ma parameter ekushanda
(1) Zviyero zvekushanda. Zviyero zvekupfapfaidza zvemadrone akasiyana ekurima zvinosiyana. Zvinhu zvakaita sehukuru hwendege, nzvimbo yemhepo inodzika, danho rekukura kwechibage, uye mhando dzezvipembenene nezvirwere zvinofanirwa kudzorwa zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvizere. Zviyero zvekubhururuka zvakakodzera zvinofanirwa kuiswa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti kupfapfaidza kwakafanana, hapana kupfapfaidza kwakanyanya kana kupotsa kupfapfaidza, kurasikirwa kushoma kwekudonha, uye hapana kukuvara kumiti. Kupfapfaidza kukuru kusati kwaitwa, bvunzo dzekuenzana uye kugadzikana kwebasa kunofanirwa kuitwa. Sezvo mutoro wendege uchiwedzera, kureba kwekubhururuka kunofanira kukwidzwa zvakakodzera, uye kumhanya kwekubhururuka kunofanira kuderedzwa zvakakodzera.
(2) Nzira dzakasiyana dzekushanda mumamiriro ekunze akasiyana. Panguva yekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, nzira yekushandisa uye maparamita zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo akadai sekumhanya kwemhepo nekwainoenda, uye hurongwa hwekushanda hunofanirwa kugadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo. Kuti kuderedze kudonha kunokonzerwa nemhepo dzinoyambuka, nzira yekubhururuka inogona kuiswa yakaenzana nekwainoenda mhepo. Kuti kuwedzere kuiswa kwemushonga unouraya zvipembenene, kana nzira yekubhururuka yakatarisana nekwainoenda mhepo, kumhanya kwekubhururuka kunogona kuderedzwa zvakakodzera; kana nzira yekubhururuka yakafanana nekwainoenda mhepo, kumhanya kwekubhururuka kunogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera.
(3) Maparamita ekushanda kubva pamuromo webundu guru kusvika padanho rekubvisa zvipembenene. Danho iri inzvimbo yakakosha yekudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere muchibage. Munda wakafukidzwa nemiti yakawanda, uye kushanda kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mushonga wezvipembenene wakafukidzwa zvakaenzana uye kuchengetedzeka kwemiti. Zvinorambidzwa zvachose kuisa mishonga yezvipembenene panguva yekubviswa zvipembenene uye nguva yekutumbuka kuti usakanganiswa nekubuda kwemaruva. Kune madrone ekurima ane rotor akawanda ane mutoro we50L kusvika 70L, munzvimbo dzekudyara dzine huwandu hwezvirimwa 4500 kusvika 8000 paeka, maparamita akakodzera ekushanda ihuwandu hwekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene hwe2L/eka kusvika 2.5L/eka, kureba kwekubhururuka kwe3.5m kusvika 4m, uye kumhanya kwekubhururuka kwe3m/s kusvika 5m/s; Munzvimbo dzine huwandu hwezvirimwa 4000 kusvika 4500 paeka, nzira dzakakodzera dzekushandisa zvipembenene dzinosanganisira 1.5L/eka kusvika 2L/eka, kureba kwekubhururuka kwe3.5m kusvika 4m, uye kumhanya kwekubhururuka kwe3m/s kusvika 5m/s.
(4) Magadzirirwo ekushandisa kubva padanho rekuumbwa kwezviyo zvechibage kusvika padanho remukaka. Munguva iyi, zvirimwa zvechibage zvinodyarwa zvakamanikana uye makungu acho akaputirwa zvakasimba. Drone yekurima haifanirwe kubhururuka pakakwirira zvakanyanya kana kumhanya kwakanyanya, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukonzera kusakwana kwekupinda kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kana kukuvara kwemvura. Kune madrone ekurima ane rotor yakawanda ane mutoro we50L - 70L, munzvimbo dzekudyara dzine huwandu hwezvirimwa 4500 - 8000 paeka, maparameter akakodzera ekushandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene i2.5L / eka - 3.5L / eka, kureba kwekubhururuka kwe3.5m - 4m, uye kumhanya kwekubhururuka kwe3m / s - 5m / s; Munzvimbo dzine huwandu hwezvirimwa 4000 - 4500 paeka, nzira dzakakodzera dzekushandisa zvipembenene dzinosanganisira 2L/eka - 3L/eka, kureba kwe3.5m - 4m, uye kumhanya kwe3m / s - 5m / s.
Uyezve, pakugadzirira mushonga wekupfapfaidza une simba rakawanda mubhaketi, bvunzo yekugadzikana kwemusanganiswa wemushonga inofanira kutanga yaitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapana zvinoitika mumuviri kana makemikari zvakaita sekukanda matanda, kupwanyika, kana kunaya kwemvura. Kudzora zvipembenene kwakabatana chete mushure mekusimbisa kuti hapana zvinoitika zvakadaro ndipo panogona kuitwa.
V. Kugadzirisa mashandiro ekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene
(1) Iva nechokwadi chekuti vashandi vane hunyanzvi uye dziviriro yekuchengetedzwa. Vashandi vanofanira kunge vaine zvitupa zvinoshanda uye kupfeka zvipfeko zvekudzivirira zvinodiwa; kuenzanisa kuchengetedzeka kwenzvimbo. Panguva yekusimuka nekumhara kwendege, vanofanira kugara kure nezvipingamupinyi, tambo dzemagetsi ane simba guru uye vanhu, vachichengetedza daro rakachengeteka.
(2) Itai kuti muone kana madonhwe ari muchimiro chemhando yepamusoro musati mapfapfaidza. Musati mapfapfaidza, makadhi ekuyedza kuti madonhwe ari muchimiro chemhando yemvura anogona kuiswa pachibage pachine nguva kuti zvionekwe kuti madonhwe ari muchimiro chemvura uye kuti zvionekwe kuti madonhwe ari muchimiro chemvura here; kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti madonhwe ari muchimiro chemvura uye kuti aonekwe kuti anobva panzeve huru kusvika pakubuda kwetsanga, uye kubva pakuumbwa kwezviyo kusvika pakuibva kwemukaka, zvinokurudzirwa kuti madonhwe ari muchimiro chemvura awedzere.≥Madonhwe makumi matatu pa sendimita imwe neimwe.
(3) Kudzora zvakanyanya kuchengetedzeka panzvimbo yacho. Panguva yekushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, vashandi vese vanofanira kunge vakamira panzvimbo ine mhepo iri pedyo nenzvimbo yekupisa zvipembenene uye havabvumidzwe kufamba munzvimbo yekupisa zvipembenene; mushandi haafanirwe kudya, kusvuta, kana kufona; vanofanira kuramba vakatarisa drone yekurima neremote control nguva dzese. Kana paine emergency, vanofanira kuibata nekukurumidza; hapana anotenderwa kufamba munzvimbo yekutakura neyokumisa zvipembenene kuti asakuvadze vashandi.
(4) Gadzirisai ongororo yemushure mekuvhiyiwa. Mushure mekunge basa rekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene rapera, munzvimbo dzisina kupfapfaidzwa nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi kana makona, kupfapfaidzwazve nemaoko kunofanira kuitwa nenguva; kuchenesa nekuchengetedza mabhokisi emishonga yezvipembenene, maburi emushonga wezvipembenene, nezvimwewo, uye kupa marara ekuputira kuchitoro chebhizinesi kana panzvimbo yekurongedza marara ekugadzirisa marara (poindi); garai muchiongorora mhedzisiro yekudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere uye kuongorora mhando yebasa rekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-15-2026
