Kusagona kushandisa mushonga wesora zvinoreva kugona kwemhando yesora kurarama mushure mekushandiswa kwemushonga wesora uyo waishandiswa nevanhu vepakutanga. Mhando yesora iboka rezvirimwa zviri mumhando ine hunhu hwemuviri (sekuramba mushonga wesora) husingawanzoonekwa nevanhu vese.
Kusashandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kunogona kunge kuri dambudziko guru rinotarisana nevarimi vekuNorth Carolina. Pasi rose, mhando dzemasora dzinopfuura zana dzinozivikanwa kuti hadzina mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene mumwe chete kana kupfuura. MuNorth Carolina, parizvino tine mhando dzesora dzinoramba kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inonzi dinitroaniline (Prowl, Sonalan, naTreflan), mhando dzesora dzinoramba kushandiswa kweMSMA neDSMA, uye mhando dzesora dzinoramba kushandiswa kwemiriwo yegore negore.
Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, pakanga pasina kunetseka nezvekukura kwekusagona kurwisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene muNorth Carolina. Kunyangwe tine mhando nhatu dzine biotypes dzisingadi mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, kuitika kwemhando idzi dzebiotypes kwaitsanangurwa zviri nyore nekurima zvirimwa mukurima kumwe chete. Varimi vaitenderera zvirimwa vakanga vasina chikonzero chekunetseka nezvekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwekukura uye kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakasiyana-siyana ine maitiro akafanana ekushanda (Matafura 15 ne16). Maitiro ekushanda anoreva maitiro chaiwo ayo mushonga wekuuraya zvirimwa zvinokurumidza kupararira. Nhasi, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine maitiro akafanana ekushanda inogona kushandiswa pazvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kurimwa mukutenderera. Chinonyanya kushungurudza imishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inodzivirira ALS enzyme system (Tafura 15). Mimwe yemishonga yedu inonyanya kushandiswa inodzivirira ALS. Pamusoro pezvo, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene mitsva inotarisirwa kunyoreswa mukati memakore mashanu anotevera inodzivirira ALS. Seboka, mishonga yekurwisa ALS ine hunhu hwakawanda hunoita sehunoita kuti ive nyore kukura kwekusagona kurwisa zvirimwa.
Mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa mukurima zvirimwa nekuti inoshanda zvakanyanya kana kuti inodhura zvishoma pane dzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira sora. Kana mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ikaramba kushandiswa, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakakodzera inogona kunge isipo. Semuenzaniso, pari zvino hapana imwe mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inogona kushandiswa kudzora Hoelon-resistant ryegrass. Saka, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inofanira kuonekwa sezvinhu zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa. Tinofanira kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nenzira inodzivirira kukura kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene.
Kunzwisisa kuti kusawirirana kunoitika sei kwakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti ungadzivisa sei kusawirirana. Pane zvinhu zviviri zvinodiwa kuti usawirirane nemasora. Chekutanga, masora ega ega ane majini anodzivirira kunofanira kunge aripo muvanhu veko. Chechipiri, kumanikidzwa kwekusarudza kunobva pakushandisa zvakanyanya mushonga wesora uyo vanhu ava vasingawanzo rwisa kunofanira kushandiswa pavanhu. Vanhu vasingachinji, kana varipo, vanoumba chikamu chidiki kwazvo chevanhu vose. Kazhinji, vanhu vasingachinji vanovapo pahuwandu hunobva pa1 pa100,000 kusvika 1 pa100 miriyoni. Kana mushonga wesora kana sora rimwe chete rine nzira imwechete yekushanda ukashandiswa nguva dzose, vanhu vasingachinji vanourayiwa asi vanhu vasingachinji vanosara vasina kukuvara uye vanobereka mbeu. Kana kumanikidzwa kwekusarudza kukaramba kuripo kwezvizvarwa zvakati wandei, mhando yesora isingachinji inozopedzisira yava chikamu chikuru chevanhu. Panguva iyoyo, kutonga sora kunogamuchirika hakuchakwanisi kuwanikwa nemushonga wesora kana sora.
Chinhu chimwe chete chakakosha pahurongwa hwekutarisira kudzivirira kushanduka kwekusagadzikana kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene ndiko kutenderera kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine nzira dzakasiyana dzekushanda. Usashandise mishonga inouraya zvipembenene muchikamu chine njodzi huru kuzvirimwa zviviri zvakatevedzana. Saizvozvowo, usashandise mishonga iyi inouraya zvipembenene ine njodzi huru kupfuura kaviri kuchirimwa chimwe chete. Usashandise mishonga inouraya zvipembenene muchikamu chine njodzi iri pakati nepakati kuzvirimwa zvinopfuura zviviri zvakatevedzana. Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene muchikamu chine njodzi shoma inofanira kusarudzwa kana ichizodzora zvinhu zvakaoma. Misanganiswa yeTank kana kushandiswa kwakatevedzana kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine nzira dzakasiyana dzekushanda kunowanzo taurwa sezvikamu zvehurongwa hwekutarisira kusagadzikana. Kana zvikamu zvemusanganiswa wetangi kana kushandiswa kwakatevedzana zvikasarudzwa nekuchenjera, nzira iyi inogona kubatsira zvikuru mukunonotsa kushanduka kwekudzivisa. Zvinosuwisa kuti zvakawanda zvinodiwa zvemusanganiswa wetangi kana kushandiswa kwakatevedzana kudzivirira kusagadzikana hazvisanganiswi nemisanganiswa inowanzoshandiswa. Kuti ibudirire zvakanyanya pakudzivirira kushanduka kwekudzivisa, mishonga yese inouraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa zvakatevedzana kana mumisanganiswa yetangi inofanira kuva nehukuru hwakafanana hwekudzora uye inofanira kuva nekusimba kwakafanana.
Kusvika pazvinogoneka, sanganisa nzira dzisiri dzemakemikari dzakadai sekurima muchirongwa chekuchengetedza sora. Chengetedza zvinyorwa zvakanaka zvekushandiswa kwemishonga yesora mumunda wega wega kuti uzvishandise mune ramangwana.
Kuona masora asingaurayi sora. Kukundikana kukuru kwekutonga sora hakukonzerwi nekusawirirana nesora. Usati wafunga kuti sora rinorarama mushure mekuiswa sora rinoramba, bvisa zvimwe zvikonzero zvese zvinogona kukonzera kusawirirana nesora. Zvinogona kukonzera kusawirirana nesora zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sekushandiswa zvisizvo (sekusakwana kwemutengo, kufukidzwa kusina kunaka, kusashandiswa zvakanaka, kana kushaya adjuvant); mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka ekushanda zvakanaka kwesora; nguva isina kunaka yekushandiswa kwesora (kunyanya, kushandisa mishonga yesora mushure mekubuda kwesora mushure mekunge sora rakura zvakanyanya kuti rirege kubatwa zvakanaka); uye sora rinobuda mushure mekuiswa mushonga wesora weshort-residual.
Kana zvimwe zvikonzero zvese zvingangokonzera kusashanda zvakanaka kwemishonga zvabviswa, zvinotevera zvinogona kuratidza kuvapo kwemhando yemishonga isingaurayi mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene: (1) mhando dzese dzinowanzo tarisirwa nemushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene kunze kweumwe chete dzinodzorwa zvakanaka; (2) zvirimwa zvine hutano zvemhando iri kutaurwa nezvazvo zvinosanganiswa nemiti yemhando imwe chete yakaurayiwa; (3) mhando isingadzorwi inowanzo kanganiswa nemushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene; uye (4) munda une nhoroondo yekushandiswa zvakanyanya kwemushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene uri kutaurwa nezvawo kana mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine maitiro akafanana ekushanda. Kana paine kufungidzirwa kuti hazvirapiki, rega kushandisa mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene uri kutaurwa nezvawo nemimwe mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine maitiro akafanana ekushanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-07-2021