Mishonga yesora inoreva kugona kugarwa nhaka kwerudzi rwesora kuti rirarame pakaiswa mushonga wesora uko kwaibatwa nevekutanga.A biotype iboka rezvinomera mukati merudzi rwune hunhu hwebhayoloji (sekuramba kune mumwe mushonga wesora) husingawanikwe kuruzhinji rwevanhu.
Kuramba kwemishonga yesora rinogona kunge riri dambudziko rakakura rakatarisana nevarimi vekuNorth Carolina.Pasi rose, marudzi anopfuura 100 esora anozivikanwa kuti haafe pamishonga yesora imwe chete kana kupfuura inowanzo shandiswa.KuNorth Carolina, pari zvino tine biotype yegoosegrass inoshingirira kudinitroaniline herbicides (Prowl, Sonalan, uye Treflan), biotype yecocklebur inoshingirira kuMSMA neDSMA, uye biotype yegore negore ryegrass inoshingirira kuHoelon.
Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, pakanga paine kunetseka kudiki nezve kuvandudzwa kwemishonga yesora muNorth Carolina.Kunyangwe tiine marudzi matatu ane biotypes inoshingirira kune mimwe mishonga yesora, kuitika kwemabiotypes aya kwakatsanangurwa zviri nyore nekurima zvirimwa mukurima mumwe chete.Varimi vaitenderedza zvirimwa vakanga vasina chikonzero chokunetseka nezvokusakurira.Mamiriro ezvinhu, zvisinei, ashanduka mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwekuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemishonga yesora yakawanda ine nzira imwechete yekuita (Table 15 ne16).Mechanism of action (Mechanism of action) zvinoreva nzira iyo mushonga wesora unouraya chirimwa chiri kubatwa nechirwere ichi.Nhasi, mishonga yesora ine nzira imwechete yekuita inogona kushandiswa pambesa dzakawanda dzinogona kurimwa dzichichinjana.Kunyanya kunetseka ndeaya mishonga yesora inodzivirira iyo ALS enzyme system (Tafura 15).Mazhinji emishonga yedu inonyanya kushandiswa yesora ndeye ALS inhibitors.Pamusoro pezvo, mishonga mitsva yesora inotarisirwa kunyoreswa mukati memakore mashanu ari kutevera ndeyeALS inhibitors.Seboka, ma ALS inhibitors ane huwandu hwehunhu hunoita senge hunoita kuti ive nyore pakukura kwekuramba chirimwa.
Mishonga yesora inoshandiswa mukurima mbesa nekuda kwekuti inoshanda zvakanyanya kana kuti haina mari kupfuura dzimwe nzira dzekurwisa sora.Kana kusavapo kune mumwe mushonga wesora kana mhuri yemushonga kukavapo, mimwe mishonga yesora yakakodzera inogona kunge isipo.Semuyenzaniso, parizvino hapana mumwe mushonga wesora wekudzivirira Hoelon-resistant ryegrass.Nokudaro, mishonga yesora inofanira kuonekwa sezviwanikwa zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa.Tinofanira kushandisa mishonga yesora nenzira inodzivisa kukura kwekuramba.
Kunzwisisa kuti kuramba kunoshanduka sei kwakakosha kuti unzwisise nzira yekudzivisa kuramba.Pane zvinhu zviviri zvinodikanwa zvekushanduka kwesora.Chekutanga, masora ega ega ane majini anopa kuramba anofanirwa kunge aripo muvagari vemo.Chechipiri, kudzvanyirirwa kwesarudzo kunobva mukushandiswa kwakawanda kwemushonga wesora uko vanhu ava vasingawanzo kurwisa kunofanirwa kuiswa paruzhinji.Vanhu vanoramba, kana varipo, vanoita chikamu chakaderera kwazvo chehuwandu hwevanhu.Kazhinji, vanhu vanoramba varipo pamafrequency anotangira pa1 mu100,000 kusvika pa1 mu100 miriyoni.Kana mishonga yesora kana mishonga yesora ikaramba ichishandiswa, vanhu vari kubatwa nechirwere ichi vanourayiwa asi vasingakuvadzwi havakuvadzwe uye vanobereka mbeu.Kana kudzvanyirirwa kwesarudzo kukaramba kuchienderera kwezvizvarwa zvakati wandei, iyo inopikisa biotype inozopedzisira yaita chikamu chepamusoro chehuwandu.Panguva iyoyo, kuuraya sora kunogamuchirwa hakuchawaniki nemushonga chaiwo wesora kana mishonga yesora.
Chinhu chimwe chete chakakosha pahurongwa hwekutarisira kudzivirira kushanduka kwemishonga yesora kutenderedzwa kwemishonga yesora ine nzira dzekuita dzakasiyana .Musaise mishonga yesora muchikamu chenjodzi huru pazvirimwa zviviri zvakatevedzana.Saizvozvo, musashandise mishonga inouraya sora inodarika kaviri pachirimwa chimwe chete.Musaise mishonga yesora muchikamu chepakati nepakati pazvirimwa zvinodarika zviviri zvakatevedzana.Mishonga yesora iri muchikamu chine njodzi yakaderera inofanirwa kusarudzwa painozotonga yakaoma Tank misanganiswa kana kutevedzana kwekushandisa kwemishonga ine nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita inowanzonzi sezvikamu zvekurwisa kurwisa zano.Kana izvo zvikamu zvemusanganiswa wetangi kana sequential application zvakasarudzwa zvine hungwaru, zano iri rinogona kubatsira zvakanyanya mukunonoka kuramba shanduko.Nehurombo, mazhinji ezvinodikanwa zvetangi musanganiswa kana anoteedzana mashandisiro ekudzivirira kuramba haasanganiswe neanowanzo shandiswa musanganiswa.Kuti inyatso shanda pakudzivirira kushanduka kwekurwisa, mishonga yese yesora inoshandiswa zvakatevedzana kana mumisanganiswa yematangi inofanira kuva nehutongi hwakafanana uye inofanira kuva nekushingirira kwakafanana.
Kusvika nepazvinogoneka, batanidza maitiro ekudzivirira asiri kemikari akadai sekurima muchirongwa chekudzora sora.Chengetedza marekodhi akanaka ekushandiswa kwemishonga yesora munharaunda yega yega kuitira kuti ishandiswe mune ramangwana.
Kutsvaga masora asingaurayiwi nemishonga.Huzhinji hwekutadza kurwisa sora hakukonzerwi nekuramba kwesora.Usati wafunga kuti sora rasara pamushonga wesora rinoshingirira, bvisa zvimwe zvikonzero zvekusadzora zvakanaka.Zvikonzero zvinogona kukonzera kutadza kudzora sora zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sekushandisa zvisirizvo (sechiyero chisina kukwana, kuvharika kwakashata, kusabatanidzwa zvakanaka, kana kushaya mubatsiri);mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka ekuita zvakanaka kwemishonga yesora;nguva isina kufanira yekushandiswa kwemishonga yesora (kunyanya, kushandisa mishonga yesora mushure mekunge masora anyanya kukura kuti asadzore zvakanaka);uye sora rinomera mushure mekushandiswa kwemushonga unosara kwenguva pfupi.
Kana zvimwe zvikonzero zvose zvingangokonzera kusadzora zvakanaka zvabviswa, zvinotevera zvingaratidza kuvapo kworudzi rusingaurayiwi nemishonga yesora: (1) mhando dzose dzinowanzodzorwa nemushonga kunze kweimwe chete dzinodzorwa zvakanaka;(2) zvinomera zvine utano zvemarudzi ari kutaurwa zvinopindirana pakati pezvinomera zvemarudzi mamwe chete akaurayiwa;(3) mhando isingadzorerwe inowanzobatwa nemushonga wesora uri kutaurwa;uye (4) munda une nhoroondo yekushandiswa kukuru kwemushonga wesora uri mubvunzo kana mishonga yesora ine nzira imwechete yekuita.Kana paine fungidziro yekuti kusamira zvakanaka kwesora, chimbomira kushandisa mushonga wesora uri kutaurwa uye mimwe mishonga ine mashandiro akafanana.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-07-2021