Umhutu huripo gore rega rega, munhu angahudzivirira sei? Kuti vasashungurudzwa nezvisikwa izvi zvinosveta ropa, vanhu vanga vachigara vachigadzira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzivirira. Kubva pakudzivirira kusingashande senge mambure eumhutu nemahwindo, kusvika pakurwiswa nemishonga yezvipembeneneuye mishonga inodzinga umhutu, mishonga inopfapfaidza zvipembenene isingashande asi yakakurumbira, kune mushonga wehutachiona uchangobva kushandiswa - bhandi reruoko rinodzinga umhutu - riri muboka rakasiyana, nderipi remapoka aya rinogona kuwana kuchengetedzeka kwechokwadi uye kushanda zvakanaka?
1.Pyrethroid——Chishandiso chine simba chekubvisa zvachose
Nzira dzekugadzirisa umhutu dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: kubvisa nechisimba uye kudzivirira pasina kushandisa simba. Pakati pawo, chikoro chekubvisa nechisimba chine nhoroondo refu uye mhedzisiro yacho iri pachena. Pakati pemishonga inodzinga umhutu pamba yakaita sema mosquito coils, ma electric heat mosquito sheets, electric heat mosquito liquid, uye aerosol insecticide, zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshanda ipyrethroids. Imishonga inouraya zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana uye ine simba guru rekuuraya vanhu. Maitiro ayo ndeekukanganisa tsinga dzezvipembenene, zvichiita kuti dzibve pakufara, kuvhunduka kusvika pakuoma mitezo uye kufa. Pakushandisa mishonga inodzinga umhutu, kuti uuraye umhutu zviri nani, zvinowanzodiwa kuchengetedza nharaunda yemukati iri mumamiriro akavharwa kuti uchengetedze huwandu hwakagadzikana hwe pyrethroids.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha che pyrethroids ndechekuti inoshanda zvakanyanya. Inogona kuuraya umhutu husina huwandu hwakanyanya. Kunyangwe pyrethroids ichigona kugadzirwa uye kuburitswa mushure mekufemerwa nemuviri wemunhu, ichiri ine chepfu shoma uye inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakati wandei patsinga dzemuviri wemunhu. Kugara kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakaita sedzungu, musoro, kunzwa kwetsinga kusingawanzoitiki, uye kunyange kuoma mitezo yetsinga. Saka, kana uchishandisa mishonga inodzinga umhutu panguva yekurara, zvakanaka kuti usaiise pedyo nemusoro wemubhedha kudzivirira kufema mhepo ine huwandu hwakawanda hwe pyrethroids uye kukonzera kusagadzikana.
Pamusoro pezvo, mishonga yezvipembenene inouraya utachiona inowanzova nezvinhu zvinokuvadza. Vanhu vane zvirwere zvekurwara nepfungwa vanofanira kungwarira pavanoshandisa mishonga yezvipembenene inouraya utachiona. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekupfapfaidza zvine mwero wakakodzera, budai mumba nekukasika movhara magonhi nemahwindo. Mirirai kwemaawa mashoma musati madzoka kuzovhura mahwindo kuti mhepo ipinde. Nenzira iyi, zvese zviri zviviri kuuraya umhutu uye kuchengetedzeka zvinogona kuvimbiswa.
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zve "Pesticide Management Regulations" yenyika, chero chigadzirwa chekudzivirira, kubvisa kana kudzora umhutu, nhunzi, nezvimwewo, chinotaura kuti chine "kuuraya umhutu" kana "kubvisa umhutu" chinofanira kuwana nhamba yechitupa chekunyoresa zvipembenene uye kuisa chiratidzo chehupfu papakeji. Nokudaro, pano tinokurudzira kuti pakutenga zvigadzirwa zvinouraya umhutu kana zvinobvisa umhutu, munhu wese anofanira kukwanisa kuziva nhamba yechitupa chekunyoresa zvipembenene.
Parizvino, mishonga yezvipembenene inonzi pyrethroid inowanikwa zvakanyanya pamusika inosanganisira tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid uye chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid. Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid inoshanda zvakanyanya mukuparadza umhutu kupfuura tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid, asi tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid yakachengeteka panyaya dzekuchengetedza. Saka, kana uchitenga mishonga yekudzivirira umhutu, unogona kusarudza zvichienderana nevanoshandisa. Kumhuri dzisina vana, mishonga ine chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid inoshanda zvakanyanya; kana paine vana mumhuri, mishonga ine tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid yakachengeteka.
2. Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye mvura inouraya umhutu——Inokudzivirira nekunyengera kunzwa kweumhutu kwekunhuhwidza
Mushure mekutaura nezvekuuraya vanhu vari kuda kuuraya, ngatikurukurei nezvekudzivirira vanhu vasingadi kuuraya. Chikoro ichi chakafanana ne "Golden Bell Cover, Iron Shirt" mumabhuku aJin Yong. Hachisanganisire zvakananga neumhutu asi chinoshandisa dzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira "zvisikwa zvinoyamwa ropa" izvi kure nesu uye kuzviparadzanisa kunze kwenzvimbo yakachengeteka.
Pakati pavo, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye mishonga inouraya umhutu ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha. Chinangwa chavo chekudzivirira umhutu ndechekupfapfaidza paganda nembatya, vachishandisa hwema husingafadzi husingafadzi hweumhutu kana kugadzira jira rinodzivirira ganda kuti rikanganise kunzwa kwekunhuhwirira kweumhutu, zvichidzivirira kunhuhwirira kwekunhuhwirira kwakakosha kunoburitswa nemuviri wemunhu, nokudaro zvichiita kuti umhutu husarambe huri kure.
Vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kuti mushonga wemvura unopfungaira kubva kumaruva, uyo une simba re "kudzinga umhutu", mushonga wezvinonhuwira unogadzirwa nemafuta emvura yemaruva sechinhu chikuru chinonhuhwirira uye doro nezvimwe zvinhu. Mabasa awo makuru ndeekubvisa tsvina, kuuraya mabhakitiriya, kudzivirira mapundu ekupisa uye kuderedza kuvaviwa. Kunyangwe ichigonawo kuva nemhedzisiro yakati yekudzivirira umhutu, zvichienzaniswa nezvinopfungaira kubva kuzvipembenene uye mvura inodzinga umhutu, zvese maererano nekushanda kwechinhu uye zvinhu zvikuru, zvakasiyana zvachose, uye zviviri izvi hazvigone kushandiswa zvakasiyana.
3. Mabhande ekudzivirira umhutu uye machira ekudzivirira umhutu——Kuti anoshanda here kana kuti kwete zvinoenderana nezvinhu zviri mukati mawo
Mumakore achangopfuura, mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvinodzinga umhutu pamusika dzave dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinopfekwa zvinodzinga umhutu zvakaita sezvigamba zvinodzinga umhutu, zvikoreko zvinodzinga umhutu, mawachi anodzinga umhutu, mabhande emaoko anodzinga umhutu, uye mapendenti anodzinga umhutu zvave kufarirwa nevanhu vazhinji, kunyanya vabereki vevana, nekuti hazvidi kuti zvibatane zvakananga neganda. Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinowanzo batana nemuviri uye zvinoshandisa hwema hunobuda hwemushonga kuti zvigadzire jira rinodzivirira muviri, zvichikanganisa kunzwa kwemhutu hwemunhuwi, nokudaro zvichizadzisa chinangwa chekudzinga umhutu.
Pakutenga mhando iyi yemishonga inodzinga umhutu, pamusoro pekutarisa nhamba yekunyoreswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene, zvakakoshawo kutarisa kana ine zvinhu zvinoshanda zvechokwadi uye kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvine zvinhu zvakakodzera uye huwandu hwakakodzera zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushandiswa uye mushandisi waunoda.
Parizvino, zvinhu zvina zvakachengeteka uye zvinoshanda zvinodzinga umhutu zvakanyoreswa neUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uye zvinokurudzirwa neUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ndeizvi: DEET, Picaridin, IR3535/Immergen, uye Lemon Eucalyptus Oil (OLE) kana kuti extract yayo, Lemon Eucalyptol (PMD). Pakati pazvo, zvitatu zvekutanga imakemikari ekugadzira, nepo chekupedzisira chiri chikamu chinobva mumiti. Panyaya yekushanda, DEET inoshanda zvikuru uye inogara kwenguva yakareba, Picaridin neIR3535/Immergen zvinotevera, uye nguva yekudzinga kweLemon Eucalyptus Oil ipfupi.
Kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedzeka, sezvo DEET iine kakutsamwisa ganda, tinokurudzira kuti kuvana, zvigadzirwa zvine DEET zviri pasi pe10% zvisarudzwe. Kune vacheche vari pasi pemwedzi mitanhatu, zvigadzirwa zvine DEET hazvifanirwe kushandiswa. IR3535/Immergen haina chepfu paganda uye haipindi muganda, uye parizvino inozivikanwa semushonga unodzinga umhutu wakachengeteka unogona kushandiswa zuva nezuva. Mafuta eLemon Eucalyptus anogona kutorwa kubva muzvinhu zvakasikwa uye akachengeteka uye haatsamwisi ganda, asi terpene uye aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds zvirimo zvinogona kukonzera allergies. Saka, munyika zhinji dzeEurope neAmerica, hazvikurudzirwi kuvana vari pasi pemakore matatu.
4. Kune vakadzi vane pamuviri nevacheche vadiki——Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira umhutu
Ingava mushonga unouraya umhutu, mvura inouraya umhutu kana nzvimbo dzinouraya umhutu, zvese izvi ndezvemishonga inouraya umhutu. Kunyangwe nzira dzekurapa umhutu dzinoshanda uye dziri nyore, kune vakadzi vane pamuviri nevacheche vari pasi pemwedzi mitanhatu, zvichiri kukurudzirwa kushandisa nzira dzakachengeteka dzekurapa umhutu.
Parizvino, zvigadzirwa zvinodzivirira umhutu zviri pamusika zvinosanganisira marambi anodzinga umhutu uye zvinodzivirira umhutu zvemagetsi. Chimiro chemushonga weumhutu chakafanana neraketi yetennis, uye pane magetsi asingachinji ane simba guru pakati pewaya dzesimbi. Nekungotenderedza "raketi", umhutu husina rombo rakanaka hunobata waya huchabatwa nemagetsi. Zvisinei, nekuda kwemagetsi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti vakuru varishandise. Rambi rinodzinga umhutu rinoshandisa chiedza chinokwezva umhutu, zvichiita kuti hukwanise kukweverwa, kunamirwa, kana kubatwa nemagetsi, uye pakupedzisira huome uye hufe. Decibel inoshanda yerambi rinodzinga umhutu yakaderera, uye hazvikanganisi kurara. Kuchengetedza kwakakwira, asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti rinofanira kuiswa panzvimbo isingakwanise kusvika vana.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-14-2026
