Zvirwere Zvikuru zveDonje nezvipembenene uye Kudzivirira uye Kudzora Kwazvo (1)

一,Kuoma kweFusarium

 Zviratidzo zvekukuvara:

 Donje Kuoma kweFusariumInogona kuitika kubva kumbeu kusvika kumbeu huru, uye kuwanda kwayo kunoitika isati yatumbuka uye mushure mekutumbuka. Inogona kuiswa mumhando shanu:

1. Rudzi rweYero Reticulated: Tsinga dzemashizha emuti une chirwere dzinoshanduka kuita yero, mesophyll inoramba yakasvibira, uye mamwe kana akawanda emashizha anoita seyero reticulated, achidzikira zvishoma nezvishoma uye achioma;

2. Rudzi rweyero: Zvikamu zvemumipendero yemashizha zvinoshanduka kuita yero, zvinotetepa uye zvinooma;

3. Rudzi rwepepuru dzvuku: Chikamu chemashizha chemunharaunda kana chikuru chinoshanduka kuva chitsvuku, uye mitsipa yemashizha inoonekwawo sechitsvuku, ichioma uye ichioma;

4. Rudzi rwegirini rwakaoma: Mashizha anongoerekana arasikirwa nemvura, ruvara rwemashizha runova girini rakasvibira zvishoma, mashizha anova akapfava uye matete, chirimwa chose chinova chegirini uye chakaoma uye chinofa, asi mashizha haawanzodonha, uye petioles dzakakombama;

5. Rudzi rwekuoma: Kana paine mashizha chaiwo mashanu kusvika manomwe, mashizha mazhinji epamusoro emuti une chirwere anooma, akaremara, ane ruvara rwegirini yakasviba, ane ma internodes mapfupi, mapfupi pane zvirimwa zvine hutano, kazhinji haafe, uye xylem yemudzi nehunde zvemuti une chirwere inoshanduka kuita brown dema.

 Maitiro ekugadzira chirwere:

 Utachiona hwekuoma kwedonje hunonyanya kuitika munguva yechando mumbeu dzezvirimwa dzine chirwere, zvasara zvezvirimwa zvine chirwere, ivhu, uye manyowa. Kutakurwa kwembeu dzine chirwere ndicho chikonzero chikuru chenzvimbo itsva dzechirwere, uye mabasa ekurima akadai sekurima, kutarisira, uye kudiridza muminda yedonje yakakanganiswa zvinhu zvakakosha kuti utachiona hupararire pedyo. Maspores ezvirwere anogona kukura mumidzi, madzinde, mashizha, makoko, nezvimwewo zvezvirimwa zvine chirwere panguva yehunyoro hwakawanda, izvo zvinogona kupararira nemhepo nemvura, zvichitapukira zvirimwa zvakapoteredza zvine hutano.

Kuwanda kweDonje Kuoma kweFusariumZvinoenderana zvakanyanya nekupisa uye hunyoro. Kazhinji, chirwere chinotanga pakupisa kwevhu kunenge 20 ℃, uye chinosvika pakakwirira kana tembiricha yevhu yakwira kusvika 25 ℃ -28 ℃; Munguva yemvura inonaya kana gore rinonaya muzhizha, chirwere chacho chakakomba; Minda yedonje ine nzvimbo dzakaderera, ivhu rakaoma, ivhu rine alkaline, mvura isina kuyerera zvakanaka, kushandisa nitrogen fertilizer, uye kurimwa kwakawanda zvinokanganiswa zvakanyanya.

Kudzivirira uye kudzora makemikari:

1. Usati wadyara, shandisa 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methyl sarufa • thiram mvura inosanganiswa ka500 yekuuraya ivhu;

2. Pakutanga kwechirwere, midzi yaidiridzwa ne40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram 600-800 solution spray kana 500 times solution, kana 50% thiram 600-800 solution, 80% mancozeb 800-1000 solution, nemhedzisiro yakakura yekudzora;

3. Paminda ine chirwere chakanyanya, panguva imwe chete, mushonga we0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate pamwe ne 1% urea solution zvinoshandiswa kupfapfaidza foliar mazuva ese mashanu kusvika manomwe kwenguva mbiri kusvika nhatu dzakateerana. Kudzivirira chirwere kuri pachena.

二,Donje reVerticillium Wilt

Zviratidzo zvekukuvara:

Chirwere ichi chisati chabuda mumunda uye chapera, mipendero yemashizha ane chirwere ichirasikirwa nemvura uye ichisvava. Mavara eyero asina kurongeka anoonekwa pamesophyll pakati petsinga dzemashizha, zvishoma nezvishoma achikura kuita machira egirini emuti wepalm patsinga dzemashizha, akafanana nemakanda ewatermelon. Mashizha epakati nepazasi anokura zvishoma nezvishoma achienda kumusoro, asingadonhe kana kudonha zvishoma. Chirimwa chine chirwere chipfupi zvishoma pane chirimwa chine hutano. Mushure mekusanaya kwenguva refu kwemvura muzhizha uye mvura zhinji, kana kudiridza mafashamo, mashizha akangoerekana asvava, sekunge apiswa nemvura inopisa, ndokuzodonha, iyo inonzi acute wilting type.

Kudzivirira uye kudzora makemikari:

1. Kusarudza mhando dzinotsungirira zvirwere uye kushandisa shanduko yezvirimwa. Mudunhu rekuchamhembe kwedonje, kushandisa shanduko yegorosi, chibage, nedonje kunogona kuderedza kuwanda kwezvirwere; Kupfapfaidza nekukasika zvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa zvakaita seSujie An panguva yekukura kwezvirimwa kunogona kuderedza kuwanda kwemuti weVerticillium.

2. Pakutanga, 80% mancozeb, 50% thiram, 50% methamphetamine, thiram nezvimwe zvakapfapfaidzwa ka600-800 yemvura kamwe chete pamazuva mashanu kusvika manomwe katatu akatevedzana, izvo zvakabatsira zvikuru pakudzivirira kupfava kwedonje re verticillium.

三,Musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pedonje re verticillium wilt ne fusarium wilt

1. Kuoma kwemiti kunonoka kuoneka uye kunotanga kuitika panguva yekubuda kwembeu; Kuoma kwemiti kunokonzerwa neFusarium kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kukuru panguva yekumera kwembeu, nepo nguva yekubuda kwembeu iri iyo nguva yepamusoro yechirwere.

2. Kuoma kwemiti kunowanzotanga kubva pamashizha epasi, nepo kuoma kwemiti kunowanzotanga kubva kumusoro zvichidzika.

3. Kuoma kwemaruva kunokonzera kutsvuka kwemesophyll uye kutsvuka kwefusarium kunokonzera kutsvuka kwetsinga.

4. Kuoma kwemiti (Verticillium wilt) kunokonzera kupfupika zvishoma, nepo kufinha kwemiti (fusarium wilt) kunokonzera rudzi rwemiti kupfupika uye ma internodes kupfupika;

5. Mushure mekucheka hunde, vascular bundle verticillium wilt inova brown yakachenuruka, uye fusarium wilt inova brown yakasvibira.