Zvirwere zvedonje Zvikuru uye Zvipembenene uye Dziviriro neKudzora Kwazvo (1)

一,Fusarium wilt

 Zviratidzo zvekukuvadza:

 Cotton Fusarium wiltinogona kuitika kubva pambeu kusvika kune vanhu vakuru, ine chiitiko chepamusoro chinoitika chisati chabukira uye mushure mebukira.Inogona kuiswa mumhando 5:

1. Yellow Reticulated Type: Mashizha emashizha emuti ane chirwere anoshanduka akatsvuka, mesophyll inoramba yakasvibirira, uye mamwe kana akawanda emashizha anoratidzika yero reticulated, zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera uye kuoma;

2. Yellowing type: Nharaunda kana kuti zvikamu zvakakura zvemashizha emashizha anoshanduka yellow, kuderera uye kuoma;

3. Rudzi rwepepuru dzvuku: Nzvimbo dzepanzvimbo kana huru dzemashizha dzinoshanduka ruvara rwepepuru, uye tsinga dzemashizha dzinoitawo ruvara rwepepuru dzakatsvuka, kusvava uye kuoma;

4. Rudzi rwakasvava rwakasvibira: Mashizha anongoerekana arasa mvura, ruvara rwemashizha rwunoita girinhi yakasviba zvishoma, mashizha anove akapfava uye akatetepa, chirimwa chose chinosvibira uye chakaoma uye chinofa, asi mashizha kazhinji haadonhe, uye petioles akakotama;

5. Shrinkage type: Kana paine 5-7 mashizha echokwadi, mazhinji epamusoro mashizha echirimwa chine chirwere anoderera, akaremara, akasvibira muruvara, aine mapfupi internodes, mapfupi pane ane hutano zvirimwa, kazhinji asingafi, uye xylem ye mudzi nedzinde rechirimwa chine chirwere chinoshanduka kuita shava.

 Pathogenesis muenzaniso:

 Utachiona hwedonje hwedonje hunonyanya kutonhora mumhodzi dzechirimwa dzine chirwere, masara echirimwa ane chirwere, ivhu, uye manyowa.Kutakurwa kwembeu dzakasvibiswa ndicho chikonzero chikuru chenzvimbo dzezvirwere zvitsva, uye mabasa ekurima akadai sekurima, kutungamira, uye kudiridza muminda yakakanganiswa yedonje zvinhu zvakakosha zvekutapurirana kwepedyo.Pathogenic spores inogona kukura mumidzi, madzinde, mashizha, makungu, nezvimwewo zvezvirimwa zvinorwara panguva yekunyorova kwepamusoro, iyo inogona kupararira nemhepo uye mvura inonaya, inokanganisa miti yakapoteredza ine utano.

Chiitiko cheCotton Fusarium wiltinowirirana zvakanyanya nekupisa uye humidity.Kazhinji, chirwere chinotanga paanenge 20 ℃ tembiricha yevhu, uye inosvika pakakwirira apo tembiricha yevhu inokwira kusvika 25 ℃ -28 ℃;Mukunaya kwemvura kana gore remvura muzhizha, chirwere chacho chakakomba;Minda yedonje ine nzvimbo yakadzikira, ivhu rinorema, ivhu realkaline, kusanaya zvakanaka kwemvura, kuisa fetereza yenitrogen, uye kurimwa zvakanyanya zvinokanganiswa zvakanyanya.

Kudzivirira uye kutonga kwemakemikari:

1. Musati madzvara, shandisai 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methyl sulfur • thiram ka500 mushonga wekuuraya utachiona hwevhu;

2. Pakutanga kwechirwere, midzi yaidiridzwa ne40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram 600-800 times solution spray kana 500 times solution, kana 50% thiram 600-800 times solution, 80% mancozeb 80% mancozeb -1000 nguva mhinduro, ine yakakosha kudzora maitiro;

3. Kuminda ine zvirwere zvakanyanya, panguva imwe chete, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution pamwe ne1% urea solution inoshandiswa pafoliar spray mazuva ose 5-7 kwe2-3 nguva dzakatevedzana.Chirwere chekudzivirira chinokonzera chiri pachena.

二,Cotton Verticillium Wilt

Zviratidzo zvekukuvadza:

Pamberi uye mushure mekuputika mumunda, chirwere chinotanga kuitika, nemicheto yemashizha ane chirwere ichirasikirwa nemvura uye kupera.Zvigamba zveyero zvisina kujairika zvinoonekwa pamesophyll pakati petsinga dzeshizha, zvishoma nezvishoma zvichikura kuita michindwe yegirinhi sezvigamba patsinga dzeshizha, kuita sematehwe emavise.Mashizha epakati uye epasi zvishoma nezvishoma anokura akananga kumusoro, pasina kudonha kana kudonha zvishoma mashizha.Chirimwa chine chirwere chipfupi zvishoma pane chirimwa chine hutano.Pashure pokusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu muchirimo nemadutu, kana kuti kudiridza kwemafashamo, mashizha acho akangoerekana aoma, sokunge apiswa nemvura iri kufashaira, ndokudonha, iyo inonzi acute wilting type.

Kudzivirira uye kutonga kwemakemikari:

1. Kusarudza marudzi asingaurayiwi nezvirwere uye kushandisa kutenderedza nekuchinjanisa zvirimwa.Munharaunda yedonje yekuchamhembe, kushandisa gorosi, chibage, uye donje kutenderera kunogona kuderedza zvirwere;Kupfapfaidza mirairi yekukura panguva yakadai seSujie An panguva yebud uye nhanho dzemabhodhoro kunogona kuderedza kuitika kwe verticillium wilt.

2. Mukutanga-tanga, 80% mancozeb, 50% thiram, 50% methamphetamine, thiram nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakapfapfaidzwa ne600-800 nguva dzemvura kamwe pamazuva 5-7 katatu akatevedzana, izvo zvakave nemhedzisiro yakanaka kudzivirira kwekotoni verticillium wilt.

三,Misiyano mikuru pakati pedonje verticillium wilt uye fusarium wilt

1. Verticillium wilt inononoka uye inotanga kuitika panguva yebud stage;Fusarium wilt inogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya panguva yembeu, nepo bud nhanho iri padanho repamusoro rechirwere.

2. Verticillium wilt kazhinji inotangira kubva kumashizha ezasi, ukuwo fusarium wilt inowanzotanga kubva kumusoro ichidzika.

3. Verticillium wilt inokonzeresa kutsvuka kwemesophyll uye fusarium wilt inokonzera kutsvuka kwetsinga.

4. Verticillium wilt inokonzeresa kushomeka kushoma, ukuwo fusarium wilt ichikonzeresa kuti rudzi rwechirimwa rwuite rudiki uye internodes ipfupi;

5. Mushure mekucheka tsinde, vascular bundle verticillium wilt ine chiedza chemavara, uye fusarium wilt ine rima.