Masvosve matsvuku emoto (Solenopsis invicta) ave ari zvipembenene zvakanyanya muUnited States kubva paakawanikwa mukutakura zvinhu pakati pa1933 na1945. Kuruma kwawo kunokonzera marwadzo anorwadza uye kunodhura mari inodarika mabhiriyoni masere emadhora pagore kuUnited States. Nhasi, masvosve matsvuku emoto anowanikwa mumadunhu gumi nemapfumbamwe, kunyanya kuSoutheast, asiwo kuCalifornia. Anoberekerawo akawanda muAustralia neChina.
Muna 1958, United States yakaisa mutemo wehurumende wekuparadzanisa masvosve emoto kuti adzivise kufamba kwezvirimwa nezvinhu zvinogona kuparadzira zvipembenene izvi. Vaongorori vazhinji nevakuru vanotenda kuti kupararira kwemasvosve emoto kwakabatana nekutakurwa kwembeu. Vatariri vemakiriniki evana vaimbopfapfaidza midzi yemiti nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kudzora masvosve emoto, asi kushandiswa kwemishonga yakawanda yakadaro (yakadai sechlorpyrifos) kwava kushoma, uye makemikari aya anodhura.
Chikwata chekutsvagisa kubva kuUSDA Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, neTennessee State University chakadzidza nzira dzekuderedza kuwanda kwemasvosve emoto vachishandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene isingadziviriri inoiswa pamidzi yembeu.mishonga yezvipembenenezvinowedzera njodzi yekusangana nemasvosve emoto uye zvinogona kutamisa zvinhu zvine chepfu kune mamwe masvosve ari mudendere. Zvakabuda muchidzidzo ichi, zvakaburitswa munaKurume muJournal of Economic Entomology, zvakaratidza kuti mushonga wezvipembenene usingadziviriri mhukafipronilzvakaderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwemasvosve emoto mumidzi yembeu.
Vaongorori vakaisa mapoka emasvosve emoto (kusanganisira masvosve anoshanda, mazai, makonye, mapupae, uye mambokadzi) mumabhora emidzi yemiti yeBuxus microphylla. Hafu yemabhora emidzi yakarapwa nemushonga wezvipembenene webifenthrin. Mishonga mina yakasiyana isingadziviriri zvipembenene—fipronil, indoxacarb, imidacloprid, uye fipronil—yakazoshandiswa senzira dzekudzivirira, pamwe chete nemvura. Mhedzisiro yehuwandu hwakasiyana hwemishonga isingadziviriri zvipembenene yakaongororwawo, uye kushanda kwemishonga yezvipembenene yakasara mukudzivirira zvipembenene zvemasvosve kwakaonekwa.
Fipronil yakaratidza kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo mukuuraya zvipembenene, nepakati pekushanda zvakanaka kwe99.99%, ichiteverwa neindoxacarb (99.33%) uye imidacloprid (99.49%). Mishonga iyi mina isingadziviriri zvipembenene payakasanganiswa nebifenthrin, kushanda kwayo mukuuraya zvipembenene kwakadzikira zvakanyanya (kunze kwefipronil, iyo yakawana kushanda zvakanaka kwe94.29%). Kuti vaedze kushanda zvakanaka kwefipronil mukurwisa zvipembenene, vaongorori vakaedza nekushandisa huwandu hwakaderera uye vakaona kuti kushanda zvakanaka kwekuuraya zvipembenene kwakadzikira neanopfuura 90%, uye huwandu hwakasiyana hwefipronil hauna kukanganisa zvakanyanya huwandu hwezvipembenene. Kushandisa huwandu hunokurudzirwa hwefipronil zvakadzivirira zvipembenene kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu, ukuwo kushandisa hafu yemushonga kwakaguma nezvipembenene zvakasara mumidzi yemiti.
Vaongorori vakanyora kuti: “Pakati pemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene isingadziviriri zvipembenene, dinotefuran (ine kana isina bifenthrin) yakapa kudzora kwakasimba kwezvikamu zvekuzviparadzanisa, ne75% (8) yemababu emidzi asina kukuvara. Mababu emidzi akarapwa nemimwe mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene isingadziviriri zvipembenene (imidacloprid, indoxacarb, uye fipronil)… aive nemazinga asina kuputika e0-38%.
Vaongorori vakaona kuti fipronil inodhura kupfuura mishonga miviri inouraya zvipembenene yakatenderwa pasi pemitemo yehurumende yekudzivirira zvipembenene zvinouraya zvipembenene—chlorpyrifos nebifenthrin. Kuderedza huwandu hwefipronil inoshandiswa kwakaunza mhedzisiro inokurudzira, asi vakanyora kuti, "Kuedza kwakawanda kunodiwa kuti uone zvakajeka mhedzisiro yehuwandu hwakasiyana hwefipronil pahuwandu hwemababu emidzi asina kupararira uye ane chirwere."
Zvisinei, fipronil pachayo ine zvimwe zvinonetsawo. Inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura, ine chepfu kunyuchi (Apis mellifera), uye inogona kuparadzirwa kuburikidza nemvura inoyerera, inopfapfaidzwa, uye miti. Mitemo yekunyora mazita nemiganho iripo pari zvino kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemushonga uyu wezvipembenene panyuchi. Vaongorori vakati, "Kune nzvimbo dzekurima, kuisa fipronil chete pamidzi yemiti yakatemwa isati yatumbuka kunofanira kuderedza njodzi yekusangana nenyuchi." Vakawedzera kuti kumwe kutsvagurudza kunodiwa kuti pave nenzira yakanakisisa yekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene isingadziviriri zvipembenene kudzora masvosve matsvuku.
"Mishonga yezvipembenene isingadziviriri zvipembenene inoshanda mukurwisa masvosve anouraya zvipembenene (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) pambeu dzakatorwa mumunda."
Andrew Porterfield is a writer, editor, and communications consultant working with academic institutions, companies, and nonprofits in the life sciences. He currently resides in Camario, California. You can connect with him on LinkedIn or by email at aporterfield17078@roadrunner.com.
Hutano hwemapoka enyuchi hunovandudzika kana dzichigadzira propolis yakawanda (resin ine wakisi inoshandiswa kuvhara mukoko). Chidzidzo chitsva chakaedza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dziri nyore dzinogona kushandiswa nevachengeti venyuchi kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwepropolis mumukoko.
Ben Puttler, purofesa akamboshanda paYunivhesiti yeMissouri uye nyanzvi yezvipembenene, anozivikanwa kwete chete nemabasa ake ekare mukudzivirira zvipembenene zvechisikigo asiwo nekudzidzisa kwake kukuru vadzidzi vakawanda vezvezvipembenene nevamwe vaanoshanda navo. Mukuongorora kwake basa rake, vamwe vaviri vaanoshanda navo vanofungisisa nezvemabasa aPuttler nemabasa ake.
Chipembenene chekhapra chinokonzera kukuvara kukuru kune zviyo zvakachengetwa uye ndicho chinonyanya kurwiswa pazviteshi zvegungwa nepamiganhu. Vaongorori vekuCanada vakaona tembiricha inouraya chipembenene pamatanho ese ehupenyu hwacho, kusanganisira kupera simba.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-13-2026
