Acaricides ikirasi yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima, indasitiri uye mamwe maindasitiri.Inonyanya kushandiswa kudzora mite yekurima, kana zvikwekwe pazvipfuyo kana mhuka dzinovaraidza.Gore negore pasi rose rinotambura kurasikirwa kukuru nekuda kwezvipembenene zvipembenene.Maererano neFood and Agriculture Organization yeUnited Nations, chikamu che80 muzana chemombe dzepasi rose chinotapurwa nezvikwekwe, izvo zvinodyira pasi rose mari inofungidzirwa kuva mabhiriyoni 7,3 emadhora pagore mukurasikirwa noupfumi.KuSouth America, mbesa dzesoya bhinzi dzakakuvadzwa nedandemutande Mononychellus planki McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae) dzakarasikirwa nechikamu chinosvika 18.28% pagoho rezviyo.MuChina, maeka anoda kusvika mamirioni makumi mana emaranjisi akabatwawo nePanonychus citri (McGregor).Naizvozvo, kudiwa kwemusika wepasi rose kwema acaricides kuri kuwedzera gore negore.Zvigadzirwa zvisere zvepamusoro mumusika weacaricide muna 2018 ndezvi: spirodiclofen, spiromethicone, diafenthiuron, bifenazate, pyridaben, uye propargite, hexythiazox, uye fenpyroximate, kutengesa kwavo kuzere iUS $ 572 miriyoni, accounting ye69.1% yemusika, musika we69. saizi inotarisirwa kusvika US$2 bhiriyoni panosvika 2025. Hukuru hwemusika weacaricides hunogona kunge hwakakura sezvo ivhu rinorimwa pasi rose richiderera, huwandu hwevanhu huchiwedzera, kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa kunowedzera, uye kudiwa kwemaitiro ekurima kunoenderera mberi kunowedzera.
Ongororo yemusika wepasi rose acaricide inoratidza kuti spider mite tsvuku, Panclaw citrus nePanonychus urmi ndiwo marudzi akanyanya kukosha mune zvehupfumi ezvipembenene, zvinodarika makumi masere muzana emusika.Dzimwe mhute dzine hukama ndidzo pseudo spider mites (kunyanya spider mite), ngura uye nduru nehorsefly mite.Miriwo nemichero, zvinosanganisira citrus, mazambiringa, soya beans, donje, uye chibage, ndizvo zvirimwa zvikuru zvinoisirwa acaricides.
Nekudaro, nekuda kwehupenyu hupfupi kutenderera, parthenogenesis, yakasarudzika maturusi emetabolism uye kwakasimba kuchinjika kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvinomera herbivorous mite senge spider mite uye panclaw mite, kuramba kwavo kune acaricides kwakakura nekukurumidza.Mite inotora 3 ye12 inorwisa arthropods yakashumwa.Mukushandiswa kwepasi rose kweacaricides, akajairwa kemikari acaricides akadai se organophosphates, carbamates, organochlorines, uye pyrethroids achiri kutora chinzvimbo chikuru.Mumakore achangopfuura, kunyange zvazvo acaricides akakwirira akadai sebifenazate uye acetafenac akabuda, dambudziko rehomogenization yeacaricides ichiri yakakomba.Nekushandiswa kwenguva refu uye kusiri kwesainzi kweacaricides aya, mite yakawanda inodya uswa yakagadzira madhigirii akasiyana ekupikisa kemikari acaricides pamusika, uye mhedzisiro yadzo yakadzikira zvakanyanya.Nekune rimwe divi, nekuwedzera kuri kuita nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza uye kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma munzvimbo yezvekurima zvekurima, kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa kuchengetedza zvirimwa mumusika wepasi rose kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kweakachengeteka, anoshanda, ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, asingakuvadzi vavengi venyama uye Yakachengeteka uye itsva biological acaricides iyo isiri nyore kukudziridza kuramba yave pedyo.
Zvichienderana neizvi, iko kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kweindasitiri nekusimudzira maindasitiri kushandisa zvizere mabhenefiti eChina zviwanikwa kusimudzira kutsvagisa nekusimudzira uye kushandisa biological acaricides.
1. Tsvagiridzo kumashure kweveratrotrol alkaloids
Hellebore, inozivikanwawo segomo hanyanisi, dema hellebore, inogara isingaperi mushonga.Sechirimwa chinouraya zvipembenene muChina, vanhu vanowanzochera marhizomes ayo panguva yezvinomera vobva vaita muto unotonhora wekugeza makwai, mbudzi, mombe nezvimwe zvipfuyo, uye kubata nemakonye emumba nezvimwe zvipembenene.Ipapo vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti hellebore inewo kudzora kwakanaka kune zvimwe zvipembenene.Semuenzaniso, iyo ethyl acetate yakatorwa yeVeratrum rhizome ine yakanaka yekuuraya zvipembenene pane yechipiri neyechitatu instar larvae yePlutella xylostella, nepo Veratrol alkaloid inobvisa ine imwe mhedzisiro inouraya pamunhu mukuru uye yechina instar mapere eGerman cockroach.Panguva imwecheteyo, vatsvakurudzi vakawanawo kuti zvakasiyana-siyana zvinyorwa zveVeratrum rhizome zvine basa rakanaka reacaricidal, pakati peiyo ethanol extract> chloroform extract> n-butanol extract.
Nekudaro, nzira yekubvisa iyo inoshanda zvinoshandiswa idambudziko rakaoma.Vatsvagiri veChinese vanowanzo shandisa ammonia-alkalized chloroform ultrasonic extraction, kudhirowa kwemvura, ethanol percolation extraction, uye supercritical CO2 kudhirowa kuwana zvinhu zvinoshanda kubva kuveratrum rhizomes.Pakati pavo, iyo ammonia alkalized chloroform ultrasonic extraction method inoshandisa yakawanda yetoxic solvent chloroform kunyange zvazvo chiyero chekubvisa chiri chakakwirira;nzira yekuchera mvura ine nguva dzakawanda dzekuchera, kushandiswa kwemvura kukuru, uye kuderera kwekuchera;chiyero chakaderera.The supercritical CO2 extraction method yekubudisa veratroline alkaloids kwete chete ine yakakwirira yekuwedzera, iyo inoshandiswa inoshandiswa haina kuparadzwa, asiwo basa remishonga uye kuchena kwezvinhu zvinoshanda zvezvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa zvinovandudzwa zvikuru.Pamusoro pezvo, iyo CO2 isiri-chepfu uye isina-inonyungudutsa-isina yakasara haina kukuvadza kumuviri wemunhu uye nharaunda, iyo inogona kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kunokonzerwa nemaitiro echinyakare nzira dzekuchera, uye yakanyorwa seimwe yeakanakisa kudhirowa uye kupatsanura tekinoroji. chirimwa mishonga yemishonga.Nekudaro, iyo ine njodzi yekugadzira maitiro uye mutengo wakakwira unotadzisa iyo yakakura-chiyero maindasitiri kushandiswa.
2. Tsvakurudzo uye kufambira mberi kweveratrotrol alkaloids
Kudzidza pane tekinoroji yekubvisa yeVeratrum.Iyo co-extraction tekinoroji inonyanya kuve yakavakirwa pane yechinyakare Chinese mushonga zvinhu veratrorum, inowedzerwa neakasikwa mishonga yekurapa., Veratrotoin uye mamwe akawanda anoshanda zvinhu zvinogadzirwa pamwe chete, uye panguva imwe chete, zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonyungudutsa zvinoshandiswa kuramba zvichibudisa botanical mishonga yemishonga, kuitira kuti kuwedzere kucheneswa uye kunaya kwezvikamu zvinoshanda zvinoshanda mumiti yemiti yebhotani mumatanho.Kuwana zvikamu zveboka zvemakomponi ane mashandiro akasiyana kana mashandiro akafanana kubva kubhechi rimwechete rezvigadzirwa.Kuvandudza zvakanyanya chiyero chekushandiswa kwe botanical raw materials, kuderedza mitengo yekugadzira, uye kuwedzera zvakanyanya kukwikwidza kwemusika.
Kudzidza pamusoro pemaitiro ekuita kweVeratrum inoshanda zvinhu.Veratrol rhizome extract imhando yemusanganiswa, ine zvinopfuura gumi zvinoshanda zvinosanganisa severatrol, resveratrol, veratotoin, cyclopamine, veratrol, uye resveratrol oxide.The nervous system of tupukanana.
Zvinoenderana nemishumo yekutsvagisa, huturu hwayo hwakavakirwa pakuvhurwa kwevoltage-inotsamira Na+ chiteshi, iyo inozovhura voltage-activated Ca2+ chiteshi, zvichiita kuti neurotransmitter isunungurwe.Voltage-gated sodium ion chiteshi chikamu chakakosha cheiyo neuronal uye tsandanyama kusaina.Izvo zvinoshanda zviri muVeratrum extract zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwazvino mumatanho e-sodium ion, zvichikonzera shanduko mu membrane permeability, zvichikonzera kudedera uye kufa kwekupedzisira.
Panguva imwecheteyo, dzimwe nyanzvi dzeFrance dzakashuma kuti veratroline alkaloids inogonawo kusaita makwikwi kudzivisa acetylcholinesterase (AChE) yezvipembenene.Nekuda kweiyo nyowani magadzirirwo ekuita kweveratrotrol alkaloids, kurwiswa kwenzvimbo dzakawanda kunogona kuitika, uye zvakaoma kuti mite ienderane nemishonga yakawanda-yekuita nzvimbo kuburikidza nekuchinja kwavo kwemaitiro, saka hazvisi nyore kukudziridza kusagadzikana kwezvinodhaka.
0.1% CE hellebore rhizome yekugadzira tekinoroji.Inotsigirwa nehunyanzvi hwekuchera tekinoroji uye ichiwedzerwa nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirira tekinoroji, kushushikana kwepamusoro kwemushonga kudiki, kunogona kukurumidza kuputira muviri wezvipembenene, kukurudzira kupinda uye kutorwa kwemushonga wemushonga, uye kuwedzera mhedzisiro yezvishandiso zvinoshanda.Iyo ine yakanaka dispersibility mumvura, uye mhinduro iri pachena uye homogeneous mushure mekupararira.1000 times dilution, nguva yekunyorovesa jira recanvas masekonzi makumi mana nemana, uye rinogona kukurumidza kunyorova uye kupinda.Iyo yakawanda mwenje yekuparadzira kudzikama data yakaratidza kuti iyo 0.1% CE veratrum rhizome inobvisa gadziriro yaive nekugadzikana kwakanaka uye yakasangana zvizere nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandisa mumunda.
Kufambira mberi kwekutsvagisa pane tekinoroji yekushandisa ye 0.1% CE veratrum rhizome inobvisa
Iyo tekinoroji nyowani yakavandudza zvakanyanya kukurumidza-kuita zvinhu zvemushonga.Kuenzaniswa nehunyanzvi hwekare, chigadzirwa chakaderedza kushandiswa kwechinhu chimwe chete.Kuburikidza neiyo yakasarudzika maitiro, zvigadzirwa zviri muchigadzirwa zvinowedzera kuwanda, uye synergistic mhedzisiro iri pachena.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kana ikashandiswa pamwe chete nemishonga yezvipembenene yemakemikari iripo, kutanga, inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwehuwandu hwemaspider mite, kuderedza huwandu hwemakemikari emishonga uye kugadzirisa maitiro ekutonga.Kupfupisa, munguva yepamusoro yezviitiko zvecitrus Panonychus mite muHezhou, Guangxi, China, kumwaya 0.1% CE Veratrum rhizome extract + 30% etoxazole yakashanda mumaminitsi makumi maviri, hapana zvipembenene zvipenyu zvakaonekwa mazuva matatu mushure mekushandiswa, uye kudzora maitiro aive mazuva gumi nerimwe mushure mekushandisa.inogona kuchengetedzwa pamusoro pe95%.Muchikamu chekutanga cheJiangxi Ruijin navel orenji citrus panclaw mites, 0.1% CE Veratrum rhizome extract + 30% tetramizine bifenazate vese vakafa zuva 1 mushure mekushandisa, uye hapana tumbuyu mhenyu yakaonekwa mazuva matatu mushure mekushandisa., maitiro ekudzora ari pedyo ne99% mushure memazuva gumi nematanhatu.
Izvi zvabuda pamusoro pemunda webioassay zvinoratidza kuti kana huwandu hwemadandemutande hudiki hwadzikira kana kuti hwakakwira, kushandiswa kwemumiririri mumwe chete uye kushandiswa kwekomisheni nemakemikari, iyo rhizome yakatorwa yeVeratella vulgaris inogona kuderedza huwandu hwehwaro hwemaspider worm uye kugadzirisa kutonga. kushanda kwemishonga yezvipembenene.Yakaratidza yakanakisa control effect.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo rhizome extract ye hellebore inobva mumiti.Pakusungirirwa kwakakurudzirwa, zvakachengeteka kushandisa mumatanho ekubukira, maruva, uye michero midiki yemiti yakawanda, uye haina mhedzisiro pakuwedzera kwenhungirwa, maruva nemichero.Yakachengeteka uye ine hushamwari kune zvipenyu zvisingatarisirwi zvakadai sevavengi vezvipembenene, uye haina kupesana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye acaricides.Yakanyatsokodzera kune Integrated management of mites (IPM).Uye nekuderedzwa kwekushandiswa kwemakemikari emishonga yezvipembenene, zvakasara zvemishonga yemishonga yakadai se etoxazole, spirodiclofen, uye bifenazate mu citrus inogona kusangana zvizere ne "China National Food Safety Standard for the Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Foods", "European Union. Zvokudya”.Pesticide Residue Limit Standard uye US Pesticide Residue Limit Standard muChikafu inopa vimbiso yakasimba yekuchengetedza chikafu uye kunaka nekuchengetedzeka kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima.
Gene editing tekinoroji inosimudzira indasitiri yehellebore
Hellebore chinhu chakajairika chemishonga uye chirimwa chisingaperi chemhuri yeLiliaceae.Inokura mumakomo, mumasango kana mumakwenzi.Inogoverwa muShanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Sichuan, Jiangsu nedzimwe nzvimbo muChina.Hwakapfuma muzviwanikwa zvemusango.Maererano nekuferefeta, kubuda kwegore kwemishonga hellebore kuri pedyo ne300-500 matani, uye marudzi acho anosanganisira akawanda marudzi, akadai sehellebore, Xing'an hellebore, maosu hellebore, uye Guling hellebore, uye zvinhu zvinoshanda zvemarudzi ega ega. hazvina kufanana.
Nekukurumidza kusimukira kwebiotechnology uye tsvakiridzo yakadzama pamusoro pemishonga yehellebore, kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa majini kuvandudza mhando dzemishonga yehellebore uye kupfuwa kwemhuka dzesango dzemusango kwafambira mberi mumatanho.Kurimwa kwemhando dzehellebore kunoderedza zvakanyanya kukuvadzwa kwekucherwa kwehellebore kune zviwanikwa zvemusango zvegermplasm, uye kusimudzira kusimudzira maindasitiri ehellebore mumunda wekurima uye munharaunda yekurapa.
Mune ramangwana, masikirwo ehellebore rhizome akatorwa kubva mumiti yemishonga anotarisirwa kuderedza zvishoma nezvishoma kushandiswa kwechinyakare chemakemikari acaricides, uye kuita humwe kuvandudzwa mukuvandudza kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima, kuvandudza kunaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima, kuvandudza nharaunda yezvekurima. uye kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.mupiro mukuru.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-08-2022