Mukuyedzwa muAfrica, mambure emubhedha akagadzirwa nePYRETHROIDuyeFIPRONILyakaratidza kuvandudzika kwemhedzisiro yezvipembenene nezvirwere. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekudiwa kwakawanda kwekosi iyi itsva yepamhepo munyika dzine malaria. PermaNet Dual idetamethrin itsva neclofenac mesh yakagadzirwa neVestergaard Sàrl kuti ipe mamwe makwanisiro ekudzivirira malaria. Takaita bvunzo yemutyairi wendege kuti tiongorore kushanda kwePermaNet Dual pakurwisa umhutu hwemusango, hunodzivirira pyrethroid hweAnopheles gambiae muCove, Benin. PermaNet Dual yakakonzera kufa kweumhutu kwakanyanya kana ikasasukwa zvichienzaniswa nemambure ane pyrethroid chete nemambure ane pyrethroid nePIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (77% yePermaNet Dual, 23% yePermaNet 2.0 uye 23% yePermaNet 3.0) 56% p < 0.001) mushure memakore makumi maviri. Kugeza kwakajairwa (75% yePermaNet Dual, 14% yePermaNet 2.0, 30% yePermaNet 3.0, p < 0.001). Uchishandisa mwero wepakati wekusava pasi wakatsanangurwa neWorld Health Organization, PermaNet Dual yakanga isiri yakadererawo mukufa kwevanhu vanorwara nepyrethroid-clofenazoline, izvo zvakaratidza kuvandudzika kwehutano hwevanhu (Interceptor G2) (79% vs 76). %, OR = 0.878, 95% CI 0.719–1.073), asi kwete kudzivirira ropa (35% vs. 26%, OR = 1.424, 95% CI 1.177–1.723). PermaNet Dual imwe sarudzo yemhando iyi inoshanda zvikuru yekuvandudza kudzora malaria inoparadzirwa neumhutu hunodzivirira pyrethroid.
Mambure emubhedha ane mushonga wezvipembenene (ITNs) ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kudzivirira malaria. Akaratidzwa kakawanda kuti anoderedza kurwara nekufa kwemalaria mumamiriro ekuyedza uye epurogiramu uye akapa mupiro mukuru pane chero kupindira kwazvino kuderedza kuwanda kwemarariya. Zvisinei, kuvimba kwavo neboka rimwe remishonga yezvipembenene (pyrethroids) kune simba rekusarudza, zvichikurudzira kupararira kwekusagona kurwisa pyrethroid muzvirwere zvemalaria. Pakati pa2010 na2020, kusagona kurwisa pyrethroid kwakaonekwa mune imwe mhando yezvipembenene mu88% yenyika dzine malaria. Kunyangwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mambure ane mushonga wezvipembenene anodzivirira malaria pasinei nekusagona kurwisa, pane humbowo hwakasimba hwekuti umhutu hwakasangana nemambure ane mushonga wepyrethroid hwakavandudza kupona uye kugona kudya. Zvichienderana nekukosha kwawo mukudzivirira nekutonga malaria, chero kudzikiswa kuri kuitwa kwemasuru ane mushonga wezvipembenene kunogona kutungamira mukumukazve kwezvirwere nekufa.
Mukupindura kutyisidzira uku, mambure emubhedha ane mushonga wezvipembenene anoshanda kaviri, anosanganisa pyrethroid neimwe compound, akagadzirwa kuti adzorere kudzora mabhakitiriya emalaria asingapindi pyrethroid. Rudzi rutsva rwekutanga rweITN runobatanidza pyrethroid nePIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (PBO), mushonga unowedzera kushanda kwemishonga yepyrethroids nekubvisa ma enzymes anobvisa utachiona akabatana ne pyrethroid resistance10. Mumahuts ekuyedza uye mu cluster randomized controlled trials (cRCT) ma ITN ane pyrethroids nePBO akaratidza mabhenefiti epamusoro ezvipembenene zvichienzaniswa ne ITN dzine pyrethroids chete uye efficiency ye epidemiological. Kubva ipapo vakagamuchira kurudziro yeWHO yekugovera munzvimbo dzine vectors dzinoratidza resistance ku pyrethroids, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwekupararira kwavo munyika dzakapararira mumakore achangopfuura18. Zvisinei, pyrethroid-PBO ITN haina miganhu. Zvakakosha kuti kune kunetseka nezvekugara kwenguva refu kwavo mushure mekushandiswa kwenguva refu kumba. Zvidzidzo zvekuongorora muWest Africa zvinoratidzawo kuti mambure eumhutu epyrethroid-PBO anogona kupa rubatsiro rushoma munzvimbo dzine resistance yakakura yepyrethroid inokonzerwa nenzira dzakaoma uye dzakawanda. Saka, kuti pave nekudzora vector inoshanda uye inogara kwenguva refu, zvakakosha kushandisa mhando dzakawanda dzemambure emubhedha akarapwa zvipembenene, zviri nani kuve nezvimwe zvipembenene zvitsva zvinonzwa vectors.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mambure emubhedha anorapwa zvipembenene ave kuwanikwa anobatanidza pyrethroids nefipronil, mushonga wezvipembenene weazole unokanganisa mashandiro emumitochondrial. Chlorfenopyr inomiririra nzira itsva yekudzora zvirwere zvakagadzira nzira dzakaoma dzekudzivirira zvipembenene zviripo. Iyo pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr ITN (Interceptor G2), yakagadzirwa neBASF, yakaratidza malaria isingarapike nepyrethroid mumiedzo yekuedza muBenin, Burkina Faso, Côte neTanzania. Kudzora zvipembenene kwavandudzika uye ikozvino kwave kubvumidzwa neWorld Health Organization. Miedzo mikuru uye mapurogiramu ekuparadzira zvipembenene mumimwe nyika zvakaratidzawo humbowo hwekukanganiswa kwezvirwere. Kunyanya, maRCT muBenin neTanzania akaratidza kuti Interceptor G2 yakaderedza kuwanda kwemarariya evana ne46% ne44% mumakore maviri, zvichiteerana, zvichienzaniswa neITN ichishandisa pyrethroids yakajairwa chete. Zvichibva pamhedzisiro iyi, World Health Organisation munguva pfupi yapfuura yakaburitsa kurudziro yakasimba yekushandiswa kwemambure emubhedha akarapwa nemushonga wezvipembenene wepyrethroid-chlorphenopyr pane mambure emubhedha ane pyrethroid chete munzvimbo dzine mavectors anodzivirira mapyrethroid. Mambure emubhedha akarapwa nemishonga yezvipembenene kudzivirira malaria. Izvi zvakakonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwekudiwa kwepasi rose uye maodha emambure eumhutu akarapwa nepyrethroid akaiswa munyika dziripo. Kugadzirwa kwemhando itsva dzemambure emubhedha epyrethroid nefipronil anoshanda zvakanyanya nevagadziri vakati wandei vane hunyanzvi hwakasimba hwekugadzira kuchabatsira kuvandudza musika wemambure emubhedha akarapwa nemishonga yezvipembenene, kuwedzera makwikwi, uye kutungamira mukuwana nyore mambure emubhedha akarapwa nemishonga yezvipembenene anodhura. Mambure emubhedha. Mambure emubhedha ezvipembenene ekudzora zvakanyanya vector.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-17-2023