Kukuvadzwa kwezvirimwa kunokonzerwa nemakwikwi emasora nezvimwe zvipembenene zvinosanganisira mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, fungi, uye zvipembenene zvinokanganisa kubereka kwazvo uye mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinogona kuparadza chirimwa zvachose.Nhasi, goho rinovimbika rinowanikwa nokushandisa marudzi asingaurayiwi nezvirwere, maitiro ekudzivirira zvipenyu, uye kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kurwisa zvirwere zvezvirimwa, tumbuyu, sora, nezvimwe zvipembenene.Muna 1983, $1,3 bhiriyoni yakashandiswa pamishonga yezvipembenene—tisingabatanidzi mishonga yesora—kuti idzivirire nokuderedza kukuvadzwa kwezvirimwa kubva kuzvirwere zvezvirimwa, nematodes, uye zvipembenene.Kurasikirwa kwegoho kana pasina kushandiswa kwemishonga inodarika kukosha ikoko.
Kwemakore angangoita zana, kuberekesa kurwisa zvirwere kwave kuri chikamu chakakosha chekurima kwepasi rose.Asi kubudirira kunowanikwa nekuuchika zvirimwa zvakanyanya kusimba uye zvinogona kuve ephemeral.Kureva kuti, nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzivo rwekutanga nezve basa remajini ekupokana, zvidzidzo zvinowanzoitwa zvisina tsarukano pane zvakanangwa kuongorora.Pamusoro pezvo, chero mhedzisiro inogona kuve yenguva pfupi nekuda kwekuchinja kwemaitiro ehutachiona uye humwe tupukanana sezvo ruzivo rutsva rwemajini rwunounzwa muakaoma agroecological system.
Muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo wemhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemajini imhando yekumesa yekume inoberekeswa mumhando huru dzechibage kubatsira mukugadzirwa kwembeu yakasanganiswa.Zvirimwa zvine Texas (T) cytoplasm inotamisa iyi yemurume sterile hunhu kuburikidza ne cytoplasm;inobatanidzwa nerumwe rudzi rwemitochondrion.Zvisingazivikanwe kuvarimi, iyi mitochondria zvakare yakatakura kusadzivirirwa kune chepfu inogadzirwa neiyo pathogenic fungus.Helminthosporiummaydis.Mugumisiro wacho wakanga uri denda reblight mashizha echibage muNorth America muzhizha ra1970.
Nzira dzakashandiswa mukuwanikwa kwemakemikari ezvipembenene zvakare dzakanyanya kuve dzakasimba.Neruzivo rushoma kana rusina ruzivo rwemaitiro ekuita, makemikari anoedzwa kuti asarudze ayo anouraya tumbuyu, fungus, kana sora asi asingakuvadze chirimwa kana nharaunda.
Maitiro eEmpirical akaburitsa budiriro huru mukudzora zvimwe zvipembenene, kunyanya masora, hosha dzefungal, uye zvipembenene, asi kurwira kunoramba kuripo, sezvo shanduko yemajini mutwupukanana utwu kazhinji inogona kudzoreredza hutachiwana hwadzo pamusoro pechirimwa chisingamirire kana kupa chipembenene kurwisa mushonga. .Chiri kushaikwa kubva mukufamba uku kusinga peri kwekusagadzikana uye kuramba kunzwisiswa kwakajeka kwezvose zvipenyu uye zvirimwa zvavanorwisa.Sezvo ruzivo rwezvipembenene-zvavo genetics, biochemistry, uye physiology, avo vanovagamuchira uye kudyidzana pakati pavo-kunowedzera, kutungamirirwa zviri nani uye kunogadzirisa matanho ekudzivirira zvipembenene achagadzirwa.
Chitsauko ichi chinotaridza nzira dzetsvakiridzo dzakati wandei dzekunzwisisa zvirinani nzira dzakakosha dzebiology dzinogona kushandiswa kudzora utachiona hwezvirimwa netwupembenene.Molecular biology inopa matekiniki matsva ekuparadzanisa uye kudzidza kuita kwemajini.Kuvepo kwezvinomera zvinotapukira uye zvisingamirire zvirimwa uye hutachiona uye hutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kushandiswa kuziva uye kupatsanura majini anodzora kudyidzana pakati peanotambira nehutachiona.Zvidzidzo zvemagadzirirwo akanaka emajini aya anogona kutungamirira kune fungidziro pamusoro pekudyidzana kwebiochemical kunoitika pakati pezvipenyu zviviri uye kune kudzora kwemajini aya mupathogen uye mumatishu echirimwa.Zvinofanira kuitika mune ramangwana kuvandudza nzira nemikana yekutamisa hunhu hunodiwa hwekupikisa muzvirimwa zvezvirimwa uye, ukuwo, kugadzira hutachiona huchave hune hutachiona hwemasora akasarudzwa kana tupukanana arthropod.Kuwedzera kunzwisiswa kwezvipembenene neurobiology uye chemistry uye kuita kwe modulating zvinhu, senge endocrine mahomoni anodzora metamorphosis, diapause, uye kubereka, ichavhura nzira nyowani dzekudzora tupukanana nekukanganisa physiology yavo uye maitiro pamatanho akakosha muhupenyu. .
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-14-2021