Kuvandudza mhando yemichero uku uchiramba wakajairikakukura kwezvirimwaYagara iri dambudziko guru mukurima. Ongororo itsva inoratidza kuti kuwana chiyero ichi kungave kuri nyore kupfuura zvaifungidzirwa kare. Masayendisiti akawana kuti kuwedzera kushanda kwe "gene rakachena" rakachengetedzwa kunogona kuvandudza panguva imwe chete kukosha kwekudya uye hunhu hwe organoleptic hwemuchero. Nekuwedzera kuratidzwa kwegene rakabatana ne tRNA, timu yekutsvagisa yakawedzera huwandu hwe anthocyanins uye terpenoids - zvinhu zvinopesvedzera ruvara, kunhuhwirira, uye hunhu hwe antioxidant hwemuchero. Kuvandudzwa uku hakuna kuyera mhedzisiro pakukura kwezvirimwa, saizi yemichero, kana huwandu hweshuga. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza basa risingatarisirwi remajini anowanzobatanidzwa nebasa remasero, zvichiratidza kuti anogonawo kukanganisa hunhu hukuru hwemetabolism yemuchero.
Anthocyanins nematerpenoids anoita basa guru muruvara, kuravira, kunhuhwirira, uye kukosha kwekudya kwemichero. Zvisinei, kuedza kuwedzera huwandu hwezvinhu izvi kunowanzo konzera migumisiro isingafadzi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kugadzirwa kwazvo kwakabatana zvakanyanya nemahormone emiti. Semuenzaniso, ma cytokinins anodzora kukura kwemiti uye metabolism yechipiri, saka kuchinja huwandu hwayo kunogona kuchinja chimiro uye hunhu hwekukura kwemiti.
Rudzi rushoma runozivikanwa rwemajini ane chekuita necytokinin—tRNA-type isopentenyl transferases—haruna kutariswa zvakanyanya. Majini aya anofungidzirwa kuti anoita mabasa enguva dzose emasero pane kudzora hunhu hwemiti. Hazvisati zvajeka kuti anogona here kuvandudza mhando yemichero pasina kukanganisa kukura kwemiti, zvichiita kuti akwanise kuongororwa zvakanyanya.
Vaongorori vekuNanjing Agricultural University neYunivhesiti yeConnecticut vakaburitsa chinyorwa mujenari *Horticultural Research*, vachiongorora mukana uyu vachishandisa mastrawberry emusango semuenzaniso. Vakatarisa pane gene rekuchengetedza imba rinonzi FveIPT2. Nekugadzirisa majini emiti kuti iwedzere huwandu hwemajini aya, vakaona kuvandudzwa kukuru mumhando yemichero.
Zvirimwa zvakachinja ganda zvakaratidza huwandu hwakanyanya hweanthocyanins nematerpenoids mumichero yakakura zvichienzaniswa nemiti yemusango, asi hazvina kuratidza mutsauko mukukura, saizi yemichero, kana huwandu hweshuga. Kuwanikwa uku kunopikisa chitendero chagara chiripo chekuti majini ekuchengetedza imba anoita basa risingashande uye kunoratidza kugona kwawo kukuru kwekuvandudza goho.
Jini reFveIPT2 rinobatanidzwa mukuchinja kwetRNA uye rinobatanidzwa nekugadzirwa kwecis-zeatin (cytokinin). Kusiyana nemamwe majini ane chekuita necytokinin, ane simba guru pakukura kwezvirimwa, kuwedzera kwekushanda kweFveIPT2 kunongokonzera shanduko diki muhuwandu hwecytokinin. Kukura kwezvirimwa kunoitika zvakajairika, pasina chero kusarongeka kuri pachena. Kutumbuka nemichero zvinoitika sezvaitarisirwa, pasina shanduko muhuremu hwemichero, chimiro, kana kutapira.
Pasinei nekukura kwakasimba kwezvirimwa, makemikari emichero akachinja zvakanyanya. Huwandu hweanthocyanins, flavonoids, uye phenolic compounds hwakawedzera, zvichikonzera ruvara rutsvuku rwakanyanya. Ongororo yakadzama yakaratidza kuwedzera kukuru muhuwandu hweanthocyanins mapfumbamwe chaiwo, kusanganisira makemikari anobva kucyanidin nepelargonidin, anozivikanwa nehukuru hwavo hweantioxidant.
Panguva imwe chete, huwandu hweinenge hafu yemakonzo eterpenoid akawanikwa hwakawedzera. Makonzo aya eterpenoid anosanganisira monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, uye triterpenes, ayo anoita basa rakakosha mukunhuhwirira nekunaka.
Kuchinja uku hakugumiri pamavara nezvinovaka muviri chete. Mazinga emakemikari anonhuhwirira ane chekuita nekunhuhwirira kwakanaka kwemaruva, senge linalool, akawedzera. Kusiyana neizvi, mazinga emakemikari ane chekuita nekunhuhwirira kunorwadza uye kunonaka akaderera. Zvidzidzo zvemajini zvakasimbisa kuti nzira huru dzinoita kuti kugadzirwa nekutakurwa kwemakemikari aya kuve kwakashanda zvakanyanya.
Zvichitorwa pamwe chete, mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti FveIPT2 inogona kuvandudza kemikari yemichero pasina kukonzera shanduko dzemahormone dzinokanganisa kukura.
Vaongorori vakati, "Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti zvatinowanzoti 'majini ekuchengetedza michero' zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro inoshamisa uye yakakosha. Nekutarisa majini emhando yetRNA pane kutarisa mahormone echinyakare, takakwanisa kuvandudza ruvara rwemichero, kunaka, uye kuumbwa kwezvinovaka muviri pasina kukanganisa kukura, nepo metabolic engineering inowanzova nemigumisiro yakaipa pakukura. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti nzira huru dzemasero dzinogona kukanganisa mhando yemichero, zvichipa vanoberekesa maturusi matsva anoshanda uye akapfava."
Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti FveIPT2 inzira inovimbisa uye inoshanda yekuvandudza mhando yemichero yemastrawberry nezvimwe zvirimwa zvekurima. Nekuti nzira iyi inowedzera huwandu hwepigment inobatsira uye mishonga inonhuhwirira pasina kuderedza goho kana kukura kwezvirimwa, inonyanya kukosha pakurima zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvemhando yepamusoro.
Zvakanyanya, chidzidzo ichi chinopikisa pfungwa yekuti majini ekuchengetedza imba anongobatanidzwa chete mumabasa emazuva ese emasero. Nekuona simba rawo pakushandiswa kwemetabolism yechipiri, chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza nzira itsva dzekuwedzera goho rezvirimwa uku uchichengetedza mhando.
Chinyorwa ichi chakapihwa neAcademy of Sciences yeNanjing Agricultural University. Cherechedza: Zviri mukati zvingada kugadziriswa nekuda kwemaitiro uye urefu hwezvirimo.
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Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-08-2026
