Kurambidzwa kwakaitwa muEurope munguva pfupi yapfuura kunoratidza kuti vanhu vari kuramba vachinetseka nezvekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye kudzikira kwehuwandu hwenyuchi. Environmental Protection Agency yakaona mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inodarika makumi manomwe ine chepfu yakanyanya kunyuchi. Heano mapoka makuru emishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine chekuita nekufa kwenyuchi uye kudzikira kwezvinomera zvinobereka nyuchi.
Neonicotinoids Neonicotinoids (neonics) iboka remishonga yezvipembenene ine mashandiro ayo anowanzo rwisa sisitimu yetsinga dzezvipembenene, zvichikonzera kuoma mitezo nerufu. Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti masara eNeonicotinoid anogona kuungana mumukume nenekita yemiti yakarapwa, zvichikonzera njodzi kune vanobvisa mukume. Nekuda kweizvi uye kushandiswa kwavo kwose, pane kunetseka kukuru kwekuti neonicotinoids inoita basa guru mukudzikira kwevanobvisa mukume.
Mishonga yezvipembenene yeNeonicotinoid inogarawo munzvimbo dzakatipoteredza uye, kana ikashandiswa senzira yekurapa mbeu, inotamisirwa kune zvakasara zvemukume nenekita zvemiti yakarapwa. Mbeu imwe chete inokwana kuuraya shiri inorira. Mishonga yezvipembenene iyi inogonawo kusvibisa nzira dzemvura uye ine chepfu yakanyanya kuzvisikwa zvemumvura. Nyaya yemishonga yezvipembenene yeNeonicotinoid inoratidza matambudziko maviri makuru nemaitiro aripo ekunyoresa mishonga yezvipembenene uye nzira dzekuongorora njodzi: kuvimba netsvakiridzo yesainzi inotsigirwa nemari yeindasitiri iyo isingaenderane netsvakiridzo yakaongororwa nevezera, uye kusakwana kwemaitiro aripo ekuongorora njodzi kuti atsanangure migumisiro isina kunaka yemishonga yezvipembenene.
Sulfoxaflor yakatanga kunyoreswa muna 2013 uye yakakonzera gakava guru. Suloxaflor rudzi rutsva rwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine hunhu hwemakemikari hwakafanana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inonzi neonicotinoid. Zvichitevera mutongo wedare, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakanyoresazve sulfenamide muna 2016, ichideredza kushandiswa kwayo kuderedza kusangana nenyuchi. Asi kunyangwe izvi zvikaderedza nzvimbo dzekushandisa uye zvikaderedza nguva yekushandisa, chepfu yesulfoxaflor inoita kuti matanho aya asabvise kushandiswa kwemakemikari aya zvakakwana. Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inonzi Pyrethroids yakaratidzwawo kuti inokanganisa maitiro ekudzidza nekutsvaga chikafu chenyuchi. Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inowanzobatanidzwa nekufa kwenyuchi uye yakawanikwa ichideredza zvakanyanya kubereka kwenyuchi, inoderedza mwero wekukura kwenyuchi kuva vakuru, uye inowedzera nguva yavo yekusakura. Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inowanikwa zvakanyanya mupollen. Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inowanzo shandiswa inosanganisira bifenthrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, phenethrin, uye permethrin. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzivirira zvipembenene mumba nemumunda, Fipronil mushonga wezvipembenene une chepfu yakawanda kuzvipembenene. Une chepfu pakati nepakati uye wakabatana nekukanganiswa kwemahormone, kenza yethyroid, chepfu yeuropi, uye mhedzisiro yekubereka. Fipronil yakaratidzwa kuti inoderedza mashandiro ehunhu uye kugona kudzidza munyuchi. Organophosphates. Organophosphates dzakadai semalathion nespikenard dzinoshandiswa muzvirongwa zvekudzora umhutu uye dzinogona kuisa nyuchi panjodzi. Dzese dzine chepfu yakawanda kunyuchi nezvimwe zvipenyu zvisiri zvekurwiswa, uye kufa kwenyuchi kwakashumwa nekupfapfaidza zvine chepfu shoma. Nyuchi dzinosangana nezvipembenene izvi nenzira isina kunanga kuburikidza nemasara anosara pamiti nedzimwe nzvimbo mushure mekupfapfaidza umhutu. Mukume, wakisi nehuchi zvakawanikwa zvine masara.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-12-2023