Kurambidzwa kuchangobva kuitika muEurope humbowo hwekuwedzera kunetseka pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye kuderera kwehuwandu hwenyuchi.Environmental Protection Agency yaona mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inodarika makumi manomwe ine chepfu kunyuchi.Heano mapoka makuru emishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakabatana nekufa kwenyuchi uye kuderera kwepollinator.
Neonicotinoids Neonicotinoids (neonics) ikirasi yemishonga yezvipembenene iyo yakawanda maitiro ekuita inorwisa central nerve system yezvipembenene, zvichikonzera kuoma mitezo uye kufa.Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti masara e neonicotinoid anogona kuunganidza mukume uye nekita yemiti yakarapwa, zvichiisa njodzi inogona kuitika kune vanokurisa.Nekuda kweizvi uye kushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira, pane zvinonetsa zvakanyanya zvekuti neonicotinoids inoita basa rakakosha mukudzikira kwemukume.
Neonicotinoid insecticides zvakare inorambira munharaunda uye, kana ichishandiswa semishonga yembeu, inoendeswa kune mukume uye nekita masara emiti yakarapwa.Mhodzi imwe inokwana kuuraya shiri inorira.Mishonga iyi inogonawo kusvibisa nzira dzemvura uye ine muchetura zvakanyanya kuhupenyu hwemumvura.Nyaya yemishonga yezvipembenene neonicotinoid inoratidza matambudziko maviri akakosha neazvino maitiro ekunyoreswa kwezvipembenene uye nzira dzekuongorora njodzi: kuvimba neindasitiri inopihwa mari nesainzi tsvagiridzo isingaenderane neongororo-yakaongororwa nevezera, uye kusakwana kwematanho ezvino ekuongorora njodzi yekuzvidavirira kune zvinokonzeresa zvinokonzeresa. mishonga yezvipembenene.
Sulfoxaflor yakatanga kunyoreswa muna 2013 uye yakaunza kukakavara kwakawanda.Suloxaflor rudzi rutsva rwesulfenimide pesticide ine kemikari maitiro akafanana neonicotinoid pesticides.Zvichitevera mutongo wedare, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakanyoresa zvakare sulfenamide muna 2016, ichimisa kushandiswa kwayo kuderedza kubatwa nenyuchi.Asi kunyange kana izvi zvichideredza nzvimbo dzekushandisa uye kuderedza nguva yekushandiswa, iyo systemic toxicity ye sulfoxaflor inovimbisa kuti zviyero izvi hazvizobvisi zvakakwana kushandiswa kwekemikari iyi.Pyrethroids yakaratidzawo kukanganisa kudzidza nekudya kwenyuchi.Pyrethroids inowanzobatanidzwa nenyuchi yekufa uye yakawanikwa ichideredza zvakanyanya kubereka kwenyuchi, kuderedza chiyero icho nyuchi dzinokura kuva vanhu vakuru, uye kuwedzera nguva yavo yekukura.Pyrethroids inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumukume.Inowanzo shandiswa pyrethroids inosanganisira bifenthrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, phenethrin, uye permethrin.Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kudzora zvipembenene zvemukati uye lawn, Fipronil mushonga wezvipembenene une muchetura kune zvipembenene.Iyo ine muchetura zvine mwero uye yakabatanidzwa nekukanganisika kwehomoni, kenza yethyroid, neurotoxicity, uye mhedzisiro yekubereka.Fipronil yakaratidzwa kuderedza maitiro ekuita uye kugona kudzidza munyuchi.Organophosphates.MaOrganophosphates akadai semalathion nespikenard anoshandiswa muzvirongwa zvekudzivirira umhutu uye anogona kuisa nyuchi panjodzi.Ose ari maviri ane muchetura kunyuchi uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvisina chinangwa, uye kufa kwenyuchi kwakashumwa ne-ultra-low toxicity sprays.Nyuchi dzinobatwa zvisina kunanga nemishonga iyi kuburikidza nemasarira anosara pamiti nedzimwe nzvimbo mushure mekupfapfaidza umhutu.Pollen, wakisi neuchi zvakawanikwa zviine zvisaririra.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-12-2023