I. Hunhu Hukuru hweChlorantraniliprole
Mushonga uyu wezvipembenene unoshanda senicotinic receptor activator (yemhasuru). Unoshanda senicotinic receptors yezvipembenene, zvichiita kuti nzira dzemareceptor dzirambe dzakavhurika zvisina kujairika kwenguva yakareba, zvichikonzera kuburitswa kwecalcium ions mumasero pasina muganho. Dziva recalcium rinopera, zvichiita kuti kurongeka kwetsandanyama kushaye simba, kuoma mitezo, uye pakupedzisira kufa.
1. Maitiro emushonga uyu wezvipembenene anonyanya kukonzera dumbu, ane zvimwe zvinouraya vanhu vanosangana nawo, asi haisiriyo nzira huru yekuuraya. Hauna mushonga wekufukisa.
2. Mushonga uyu mushonga wezvipembenene unopinza mukati memuti. Unopinda nesimba. Mushonga uyu unogona kutorwa nezvirimwa woendeswa kunhengo dzese dzemuviri wemuti. Zvipembenene zvinofa mushure mekudya mashizha ane chepfu, madzinde, nemaruva. Mushonga uyu une simba guru rekupinza uye unogona kupinda muchikamu chemasero eganda remuti wopinda mu xylem, nokudaro uchienda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisina kurapwa dzisina kupfapfaidzwa.
3. Mushonga uyu une simba guru pakurwisa mabuu uye haushande zvakanaka pakurwisa zvipembenene zvikuru. Haushande nemazai. Zvisinei, une simba guru pakuuraya mabuu achangoburwa. Mabuu anoruma nepagoko rezai osangana nemushonga uyu pamusoro pemushonga anochetura uye anofa. Saka, zvinokurudzirwa kuushandisa panguva yekukura kwemabuu, kunyanya panguva yekubuda kwemazai, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine kusasimba kwemuviri.
4. Mushure mekumedzwa, zvipembenene zvinomira kudya uye hazvichakonzere kukuvadza. Zvisinei, kukurumidza kwayo kushanda kwakashata. Kufa kwezvipembenene mushure mekumedzwa ndekwekuti: kumira kudya nekukurumidza (inenge maminetsi manomwe) → kurasikirwa nesimba → kudzoreredza → kuoma tsandanyama → kudziviswa kukuru kwekugadzirwa → kufa mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi manomwe nemaviri.
5. Mushonga uyu unoora zvishoma nezvishoma mumiti uye une hunhu hwekushanda kwenguva refu. Kazhinji, unogona kuchengetedza simba rekutonga kwemazuva anopfuura gumi nemana.
6. Mushonga uyu unonamira muvhu uye haunyorove zvakanaka. Hupenyu hwehafu yekuora kwevhu husingasviki mwedzi miviri kusvika gumi nemiviri.
7. Mushonga uyu une simba guru rekuuraya zvipembenene, une mabasa akasiyana-siyana, uye unoshanda kuzvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Unonyanya kudzora zvipembenene zve lepidopteran uye unogona kukanganisa kusangana kwezvipembenene zve lepidopteran, zvichideredza kuwanda kwezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana zvinouraya mazai. Une simba rakanaka rekudzivirira zvipembenene zve scarabaeid, leaf beetle, aphid, uye nhunzi dzemhuri dze hemipteran, dipteran, uye dipteran, zvichiteerana. Zvisinei, basa rawo rakaderera zvakanyanya pane rekurwisa zvipembenene zve lepidopteran uye unofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichienderana nemutengo-kushanda kwechikamu.
8. Mushonga uyu wakachengeteka kune mhuka dzinoyamwisa nemhuka dzine mapfupa anotenderera. Kune mhando imwe chete yemushonga wenicotinic muzvipembenene, nepo kune mhando nhatu dzemushonga wenicotinic mumhuka dzinoyamwisa, uye mushonga wenicotinic wezvipembenene hauna kufanana newemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Kushanda kwemushonga uyu wezvipembenene pakurwisa mushonga wenicotinic receptors kwakapetwa ka300 kupfuura kwemushonga wemhuka dzinoyamwisa, zvichiratidza kusarudza kwakanyanya uye kushoma kwechepfu kumhuka dzinoyamwisa. Huwandu hwechepfu hwakanyoreswa muChina hune chepfu zvishoma, uye hwakachengeteka kune vanohushandisa.
9. Mushonga uyu une chepfu shoma kushiri, hove, shrimp, nezvimwe zvipenyu zvine mapfupa emusana, uye wakachengeteka kune zvipenyu zvinobatsira zvakaita sezvipembenene nevavengi vezvisikwa vanodya mhuka munzvimbo. Zvisinei, une chepfu yakanyanya kuhonye dzesilika.
10. Mushonga uyu unoshanda zvakanyanya. Unogona kusanganiswa nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine nzira dzakasiyana dzekushanda dzakadai semethamidophos,abamectin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, uye mafuta emu neem zvinoshandiswa pamwe chete, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera huwandu hwekudzora, kunonotsa kukura kwekusagona kurwisa ganda, kuvandudza kumhanya kwekushanda, kuwedzera nguva yekushanda, kana kuderedza mutengo wekushandisa.
II. Maitiro Makuru Ekushandisa Chlorantraniliprole
1. Nguva yekushandisa: Shandisa kana zvipembenene zvichiri diki. Zvakanaka kuishandisa panguva yekuchekwa kwemazai.
2. Ishandisei zvakanyatsoenderana nemirairo iri papepa. Pakushandisa spray, kushandisa misting kana spraying fine spraying kunoshanda zvakanyanya.
3. Sarudza huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvinoshandiswa pamwaka wega wega uye nguva yekuchengetedzwa zvichibva pazvirimwa zvakanyoreswa pachigadzirwa.
4. Kana tembiricha yakwira uye kupwa kwemvura mumunda kwanyanya, sarudza kuisa mushonga wezvipembenene usati wasvika 10am uye mushure ma4pm. Izvi hazvingoderedzi huwandu hwemushonga wezvipembenene unoshandiswa chete, asiwo zvinowedzera huwandu hwemushonga wezvipembenene unotorwa nezvirimwa uye kupinza kwawo mvura, izvo zvinobatsira kuvandudza simba rekudzora.
III. Nzira dzekudzivirira pakushandisa Chlorantraniliprole
Kunyangwe tichitevedzera mitemo yekudzivirira kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, zvinhu zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa pakushandisa mushonga uyu:
1. Mushonga uyu unouraya zvipembenene unokanganisa matomatisi, maeggplant, nezvimwewo, uye unogona kukonzera mavanga, kusvava, nezvimwewo; miti yemichero yecitrus, pear, mulberry nemimwe miti yemichero inokanganiswa panguva yemashizha matsva uye kukura kwemashizha, izvo zvinogona kukonzera mashizha kuita yero, zvichikonzera michero midiki, zvichikanganisa goho remichero uye kunaka kwayo.
2. Usaise mushonga wezvipembenene mumazuva ane mhepo kana kuti panotarisirwa kunaya mukati meawa imwe chete. Zvisinei, mushonga uyu unodzivirira kukurwa kwevhu nemvura, uye kana mvura ikanaya maawa maviri mushure mekupfapfaidza, hapana chikonzero chekupfapfaidza zvakare.
3. Chigadzirwa ichi chakaiswa muboka re28 reInternational Insecticide Resistance Management Committee uye imhando yezvipembenene. Kuti zvisave nekusagona kurwisa, kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa ichi pachirimwa chimwe chete hakufanirwe kudarika kaviri. Muchizvarwa chezvipembenene zvinotarirwa, kana chigadzirwa ichi chikashandiswa uye chichigona kushandiswa nguva dzose kaviri, zvinokurudzirwa kuchinjana nemishonga ine nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita (kunze kweBoka re28) muchizvarwa chinotevera.
4. Chigadzirwa ichi chinowanzo patsanurwa mumamiriro e alkaline uye hachigone kusanganiswa ne acids dzakasimba kana zvinhu zvine alkaline yakasimba.
5. Ine chepfu yakanyanya kualgae ne silkworms, nezvimwewo. Hazvibvumirwi kushandiswa mudzimba dze silkworms nemichero ye mulberry. Paunenge uchiishandisa, zvakakosha kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakaparadzana kubva ku silkworms kuti isapararire kumashizha e mulberry. Zvinorambidzwawo kushandisa munguva yemaruva ezvirimwa zvinobereka nectar uye munzvimbo dzinoburitsa magonye ezvipembenene nezvimwe vavengi vezvisikwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-15-2026