Karl Dirks, akadyara maeka chiuru evhu muMount Joy, Pennsylvania, anga achinzwa nezvekukwira kwemitengo yeglyphosate neglufosinate, asi haana kutya nezvazvo. Akati: "Ndinofunga kuti mutengo uchazvigadzirisa wega. Mitengo yepamusoro inowanzokwira zvakanyanya. Handinyanyi kunetseka. Ndiri weboka revanhu vasati vanetseka parizvino, asi ndakangwarira zvishoma. Tichatsvaga nzira."
Zvisinei, Chip Bowling, iyo yakadyara maekare 275 echibage uye maekare 1,250 esoya muNewberg, Maryland, haina tariro yakakura kudaro. Munguva pfupi yapfuura yakaedza kuodha glyphosate kubva kuR&D Cross, kambani yemunharaunda inotengesa mbeu nemidziyo, asi mutengesi haana kukwanisa kupa mutengo chaiwo kana zuva rekutumira. Sekureva kwaBowling, kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva, vanga vachikohwa zvakawanda (kwemakore akati wandei akatevedzana). Asi makore mashoma ega ega, pachava nemakore ane goho riri pakati nepakati. Kana zhizha rinotevera richipisa uye rakaoma, zvinogona kuva dambudziko guru kune vamwe varimi.
Mitengo yeglyphosate neglufosinate (Liberty) yadarika mitengo yepamusoro-soro nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemafuta uye hapana shanduko inotarisirwa kuti iitike muchirimo chinotevera chisati chasvika.
Sekureva kwaDwight Lingenfelter, nyanzvi yezvesora paPenn State University, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzera izvi, zvinosanganisira matambudziko ekutengesa anokonzerwa nedenda idzva re crown pneumonia, kutadza kuchera matombo ephosphate akakwana ekugadzira glyphosate, Container nematambudziko ekuchengetera, pamwe nekuvharwa nekuvhurwazve kwechirimwa chikuru cheBayer CropScience muLouisiana nekuda kweHurricane Ida.
Lingenfelter anotenda kuti: “Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwanda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana pari zvino.” Akati glyphosate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamadhora gumi nemaviri nehafu pagaroni muna 2020 ikozvino iri kuda $35 kusvika $40. Glufosinate-ammonium, iyo yaiwanikwa kubva pamadhora makumi matatu nematatu kusvika makumi matatu nemana pagaroni panguva iyoyo, ikozvino iri kuda kusvika pamadhora makumi masere. Kana uine rombo rakanaka rekutenga mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, gadzirira kumirira.
"Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti kana odha yacho ikakwanisa kusvika, ingasasvika kusvika muna Chikumi gore rinouya kana kuti gare gare muzhizha. Kubva pakuona kwekuuraya sora, iri idambudziko. Ndinofunga kuti ndipo patiri ikozvino. Mamiriro ezvinhu, zvakakosha kufunga zvakakwana nezvezvingaitwe kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa," akadaro Lingenfelter. Kushomeka kwe "uswa huviri" kunogona kutungamira kumhedzisiro ye2,4-D kana kushomeka kweclethodim. Clethodim isarudzo yakavimbika yekudzora uswa.
Kuwanikwa kwezvigadzirwa zveglyphosate kwakazara nekusava nechokwadi
Ed Snyder weSnyder's Crop Service muMount Joy, Pennsylvania, akati haatende kuti kambani yake ichange iine glyphosate muchirimo chinotevera.
Snyder akati izvi ndizvo zvaakaudza vatengi vake. Havana kukwanisa kupa zuva rinofungidzirwa. Handigoni kuvimbisa kuti munowana zvigadzirwa zvingani. Akatiwo pasina glyphosate, vatengi vake vanogona kushandisa mimwe mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, yakaita seGramoxone (paraquat). Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti mishonga yemhando yepamusoro ine glyphosate, yakaita seHalex GT yemishonga yabuda mushure mekumera, ichiri kuwanikwa zvakanyanya.
Shawn Miller weMelvin Weaver and Sons akati mutengo wemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene wakwira zvakanyanya. Anga achikurukura nevatengi nezvemutengo wepamusoro wavanoda kubhadhara wemushonga uyu uye kuti vangawedzera sei kukosha kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene pagaroni kana vawana kukosha kwezvinhu.
Miller haazombogamuchire maodha egore ra2022, nekuti zvigadzirwa zvese zvinotengeswa pamutengo wezvinhu panguva yekutumirwa, izvo zvakasiyana zvikuru nemamiriro ezvinhu apo zvaigona kutengeswa pamutengo wezvinhu kare. Zvisinei, achiri kutenda kuti kana mwaka wechirimo wasvika, zvigadzirwa zvichaonekwa, uye anonyengetera kuti zviite seizvi. Akati: "Hatigone kutara mutengo nekuti hatizivi kuti mutengo uri kupi. Munhu wese ari kunetseka nezvazvo."
Nyanzvi dzinoshandisa mushonga wesora zvishoma
Kune avo varimi vane rombo rakanaka rekuwana zvigadzirwa nguva isati yasvika yechirimo, Lingenfelter anoti vanofanira kufunga nezvekuti vangachengetedza sei zvigadzirwa kana kuedza dzimwe nzira dzekushandisa nguva yekutanga kwechirimo. Akati pane kushandisa 32-ounce Roundup Powermax, zviri nani kuideredza kusvika kumaounces makumi maviri nemaviri. Pamusoro pezvo, kana huwandu hwayo hwakaganhurirwa, nguva yekupfapfaidza inofanira kunzwisiswa - ingave yekuuraya kana kupfapfaidza zvirimwa.
Kusiya mhando dzesoya dzine 30-inch wobva wachinja kuenda kune dzine 15-inch kunogona kuita kuti denga rikure uye kukwikwidzana nemasora. Ehe, kugadzirira ivhu dzimwe nguva inzira yakanaka, asi zvisati zvaitika, zvikanganiso zvaro zvinofanirwa kutariswa: kuwedzera kwemitengo yemafuta, kurasikirwa nevhu, uye kuparadzwa kwekusarima kwenguva refu.
Lingenfelter akati kuferefeta kwakakoshawo, sekungodzora zvinotarisirwa mumunda usina tsvina.
“Mugore rinotevera kana maviri, tinogona kuona minda yakawanda ine sora,” akadaro. “Kune mamwe masora, gadzirirai kugamuchira kuti mwero wekutonga uri pa70% chete pane 90% yekare.”
Asi pfungwa iyi inewo matambudziko ayo. Lingenfelter akati masora akawanda zvinoreva kuti goho rakaderera uye sora rine matambudziko richave rakaoma kudzora. Paunenge uchibata nemiti yeamaranth neamaranth, mwero we75% wekutonga sora hauna kukwana. Kune shamrock kana red root quinoa, mwero we75% wekutonga ungave wakakwana. Rudzi rwemasora ndirwo ruchasarudza mwero wekutonga kwakasununguka pamusoro pawo.
Gary Snyder wekuNutrien, uyo anoshanda nevarimi vanosvika zana nemakumi mashanu kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwePennsylvania, akati zvisinei nekuti mushonga wesora upi unosvika, ingava glyphosate kana glufosinate, uchagoverwa nekungwarira.
Akati varimi vanofanira kuwedzera sarudzo yavo yemishonga yekuuraya sora muchirimo chinotevera uye kupedzisa zvirongwa nekukurumidza kuti sora risave dambudziko guru panguva yekudyara. Anopa zano varimi vasati vasarudza mbeu dzechibage dzakasanganiswa kuti vatenge mbeu dzine majini akanakisisa ekugadzirisa sora gare gare.
"Dambudziko guru ndere mbeu dzakakodzera. Pfapfaidza nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Tarisa masora ari muzvirimwa. Zvigadzirwa zvakabuda muma1990 zvichiripo, uye izvi zvinogona kuitwa. Nzira dzese dzinofanira kufungwa nezvadzo," akadaro Snyder.
Bowling akati acharamba aine zvese zvaanogona kuita. Kana mitengo yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, kusanganisira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, ikaramba yakakwira uye mitengo yezvirimwa ikasakwira, anoronga kuchinja minda yakawanda kuita soya, nekuti soya dzinodhura kurima. Anogonawo kuchinja minda yakawanda kuti arime huswa hwekudya.
Lingenfelter anotarisira kuti varimi havazomiriri kusvika kumagumo echando kana kuti chitubu kuti vatange kutarisisa nyaya iyi. Akati: “Ndinovimba kuti munhu wese achatora nyaya iyi zvakakomba. Ndiri kunetseka kuti vanhu vazhinji vachabatwa vasina kutarisirwa panguva iyoyo. Vanofunga kuti panosvika Kurume gore rinouya, vachaisa odha kumutengesi uye vachakwanisa kutakura rori yakazara nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kana mishonga yezvipembenene kumba pazuva rimwe chete. . Pandakafunga nezvazvo, vangangodaro vakadzungudza maziso avo.”
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-15-2021