Karl Dirks, akadyara maeka chiuru emunda muMount Joy, Pennsylvania, anga achinzwa nezvekukwira kwemitengo yeglyphosate uye glufosinate, asi haana kuvhunduka nazvo.Akati: “Ndinofunga kuti mutengo uchazvigadzirisa woga.Mitengo yakakwirira inowanzokwira uye yakakwirira.Handina kunyanya kunetseka.Ndiri weboka revanhu vasati vanetsekana, asi vanongwarira zvishoma.Tichatsvaga nzira."
Zvakadaro, Chip Bowling, iyo yakadyara mahekita mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe neshanu echibage nemaeka 1,250 esoya beans muNewberg, Maryland, haina tariro zvakadaro.Nguva pfupi yadarika akaedza kuodha glyphosate kubva kuR&D Cross, mbeu yemuno uye muparadzi wekupinza, asi muparadzi haana kukwanisa kupa mutengo chaiwo kana zuva rekutumira.Sekureva kwaBowling, kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva, vakave negoho rakakura (kwemakore akati wandei akatevedzana).Asi makore mashoma ega ega, pachange paine makore ane zviri pakati nepakati.Kana zhizha rinotevera richipisa uye rakaoma, rinogona kuva dambudziko rinoparadza kune vamwe varimi.
Mitengo yeglyphosate uye glufosinate (Rusununguko) yakapfuura yakakwirira yenhoroondo nekuda kwekuenderera mberi isina simba uye hapana kuvandudzwa kunotarisirwa pamberi pechirimo chinotevera.
Sekureva kwaDwight Lingenfelter, nyanzvi yemasora paPenn State University, pane zvakawanda zvinhu zveizvi, zvinosanganisira dambudziko rekutengesa rekutengesa rakakonzerwa nekorona nyowani pneumonia denda, kusakwanisa kuchera dombo rakakwana rephosphate kugadzira glyphosate, Container uye nyaya dzekuchengetedza, pamwe nekuvharwa nekuvhurwazve kwechirimwa chikuru cheBayer CropScience muLouisiana nekuda kweHurricane Ida.
Lingenfelter anodavira kuti: “Izvi zvinoparirwa nokukwirira kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana panguva ino.”Akataura kuti glyphosate-yechinangwa pamadhora gumi nemaviri pamarita muna 2020 yave kukumbira madhora makumi matatu neshanu kusvika makumi mana.Glufosinate-ammonium, iyo yaiwanikwa neUS$33 kusvika US$34 pagaloni panguva iyoyo, yava kukumbira mari inosvika US$80.Kana waita rombo rakanaka rekuhodha mishonga yesora, gadzirira kumirira.
"Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti kana kurongeka kuchigona kusvika, kunogona kusasvika kusvika Chikumi gore rinouya kana kuti gare gare muzhizha.Kubva pakuona kuuraya sora, iri idambudziko.Ndinofunga kuti apa ndipo patiri zvino.Mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinodikanwa kuti titarise zvizere zvingaitwe kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa, ”Lingenfelter akadaro.Kushaikwa kwe "two-uswa" kunogona kutungamirira kune chibvumirano che 2,4-D kana clethodim kushomeka.Clethodim isarudzo yakavimbika yekudzora uswa.
Kupihwa kwezvigadzirwa zveglyphosate kuzere nekusaziva
Ed Snyder weSnyder's Crop Service muMount Joy, Pennsylvania, akati haatendi kuti kambani yake ichave neglyphosate muchirimo chinotevera.
Snyder akati ndiwo matauriro aaiita vatengi vake.Havana kukwanisa kupa zuva raifungidzirwa.Haikwanise kuvimbisa kuti zvingani zvigadzirwa zvaunogona kuwana.Akataurawo kuti pasina glyphosate, vatengi vake vanogona kuchinjika kune mamwe akajairika mishonga yesora, seGramoxone (paraquat).Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti brand-zita premixes ine glyphosate, senge Halex GT yekumashure-emergency, achiri kuwanikwa zvakanyanya.
Shawn Miller weMelvin Weaver and Sons akati mutengo wemishonga yesora wakakwira zvakanyanya.Anga achikurukura nevatengi nezvemutengo wepamusoro wavanoda kubhadhara pachigadzirwa uye kuti vangakwidziridze sei kukosha kwemishonga yesora pagaloni kana vachinge vawana zvinhu.value.
Miller haatombogamuchire maodha e2022, nekuti zvese zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa padanho rekutumira, izvo zvakasiyana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ezvinhu apo zvaigona kutengwa mutengo zvisati zvaitika.Nekudaro, achiri kutenda kuti kana chirimo chasvika, zvigadzirwa zvichaonekwa, uye anonamata kuti zvive seizvi.Akati: “Hatikwanise kutara mutengo nekuti hatizive kuti panodiwa mutengo wacho.Munhu wese ari kunetseka nazvo.”
Nyanzvi dzinoshandisa mishonga yesora zvishoma
Kune avo varimi vane rombo rakanaka rekuwana zvigadzirwa muchirimo chisati chatanga, Lingenfelter inokurudzira kuti vanofanirwa kufunga nezve kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa kana kuedza dzimwe nzira dzekushandisa muchirimo.Akataura kuti pane kushandisa iyo 32-ounce Roundup Powermax, zviri nani kuideredza kusvika makumi maviri nemaviri.Pamusoro pezvo, kana kupihwa kuri kushoma, nguva yekupfapfaidza inofanirwa kubatwa-ingave yekuuraya kana kumwaya pazvirimwa.
Kusiya 30-inch soybean marudzi uye kuchinja 15-inch mhando kunogona kuita kuti canopy ikobvu uye kukwikwidza nemasora.Zvechokwadi, kugadzirira kwevhu dzimwe nguva kunosarudzwa, asi zvisati zvaitika, kukanganisa kwayo kunoda kufungidzirwa: kuwedzera kwemafuta emafuta, kurasikirwa kwevhu, uye kuparadzwa kwekugara kwenguva refu kusina kurima.
Lingenfelter akati kuferefeta kwakakoshawo, sekudzora zvinotarisirwa zvemunda wakanyatsojeka.
“Mugore rinotevera kana maviri, tinogona kuona minda ine sora yakawanda,” akadaro."Kune mamwe masora, iva wakagadzirira kubvuma kuti chiyero chekudzora chinenge 70% chete panzvimbo ye90% yapfuura."
Asi pfungwa iyi inewo zvipingamupinyi zvayo.Lingenfelter akati mamwe masora anoreva kuti goho rakaderera uye sora rine dambudziko rinonetsa kudzora.Pakubata nemaranth neamaranth mizambiringa, 75% chiyero chesora hachina kukwana.Kune shamrock kana tsvuku mudzi quinoa, 75% yekudzora mwero inogona kukwana.Rudzi rwesora rucharatidza mwero wekureruka kwekudzora paari.
Gary Snyder weNutrien, uyo anoshanda nevarimi vangangosvika zana nemakumi mashanu kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwePennsylvania, akati zvisinei kuti mushonga wesora unosvika kupi, ingave glyphosate kana glufosinate, unopihwa migove nekushandiswa nemazvo.
Vati varimi vanofanira kuwedzera kusarudzwa kwavachaita mishonga yesora muchirimo chinotevera vopedzisa hurongwa nekukasika kuitira kuti pasave nesora dambudziko guru.Vanoyambira varimi vasati vasarudza mbeu dzechibage dzakauchikwa kuti vatenge mbeu dzine mageneti emhando yepamusoro kuti dzizodzora sora.
“Dambudziko guru nderembeu dzakakodzera.Mwaya nekukurumidza.Ngwarirai sora riri muchirimwa.Zvigadzirwa zvakabuda muma1990 zvichiri muzvitoro, uye izvi zvinogona kuitwa.Nzira dzese dzinofanirwa kutariswa," Snyder akadaro.
Bowling akati achachengetedza sarudzo dzese.Kana mitengo yezvekushandisa, kusanganisira mishonga yesora, ikaramba ichikwira uye mitengo yezvirimwa ikatadza kukwira, anoronga kuchinja minda yakawanda nesoya beans, nekuti soya bhinzi hadzidhuri kurima.Anogonawo kuchinja minda yakawanda kuti ikure uswa hwefoshoro.
Lingenfelter inotarisira kuti varimi havamirire kusvika pakupera kwechando kana chirimo kuti vatange kuterera nyaya iyi.Akati: “Ndinovimba kuti munhu wose achakoshesa nyaya iyi.Ndiri kutyira kuti vanhu vazhinji vachange vabatwa zvisina tsarukano panguva iyoyo.Vanofunga kuti panosvika Kurume gore rinouya, vanenge voisa odha kumutengesi uye vanenge vokwanisa kutakura rori remishonga yesora kana mishonga yezvipembenene zuva rimwe chetero..Pandakafunga nezvazvo, vanogona kunge vakatenderedza maziso.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-15-2021