Nhau dzaKubvumbi 1: Nyanzvi dzemusika munguva pfupi yapfuura dzakataura kuti kukwira kwemitengo yefetereza nemafuta kuri kutanga kukanganisa sarudzo dzekurima dzenyika huru dzinotumira kunze kwenyika. Nyanzvi dzemusika muThailand neUnited States dzakataura kuti varimi vemupunga vanogona kuderedza zvavanoshandisa pakugadzira mupunga, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwemupunga uye zvinogona kuwedzera kushomeka kwezvekudya pasi rose mugore rinotevera.Zvisinei, India ine huwandu hwakakwana hwefetereza uye rutsigiro rwehurumende, izvo zvinobatsira kuchengetedza musika wayo wemuno kubva pakukanganiswa zvakananga.
Musiyano uyu pakati pekumanikidzwa kwemitengo nerutsigiro rwemitemo unotarisirwa kuwedzera kusawirirana kwezvekudya munharaunda, zvichigona kutsigira mitengo yemupunga pasi rose uye kuwedzera kuvimba kwevatengesi vepasi rose nezvekudya zveIndia.
Tairendi:
Kumanikidzwa kwemitengo kunokanganisa sarudzo dzekurima
Sezvo mitengo yefetereza nemafuta yakwira zvakanyanya, makambani emusika muThailand akaona zviratidzo zvekuchinja kwemaitiro evarimi. Mumwe mutengesi muBangkok akati nekuda kwemitengo yakaderera yemupunga pari zvino, anotenda kuti varimi vane mukana wekuderedza huwandu hwefetereza inoshandiswa kana kuderedza nzvimbo yekurima.
Mumwe mutengesi muBangkok akati kudyara zvirimwa mwaka uno kwakaoma zvikuru, kwete nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo yefetereza chete asiwo kukwira kukuru kwemitengo yemafuta. Mitengo yepeturu yakwira neinenge 30%, uye kushomeka kwezvekudya kuri kukanganisa mashandiro ekukohwa, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwezvirimwa munzvimbo dzakawanda.
Sekureva kwemushumo wechangobva kubuda kubva kuUS Department of Agriculture's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), kurimwa kwemupunga muThailand mugore remari ra2025/26 (Ndira kusvika Zvita) kunotarisirwa kudzikira kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemana, pasi pematani mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemana egore rapfuura. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuderera kwenzvimbo yekudyara kubva pamahekita mamiriyoni gumi nerimwe nemazana masere emamiriyoni mugore rapfuura kusvika pamahekita mamiriyoni gumi nemana nemazana masere emamiriyoni.
Nyika dzakabatana:
Kukwira kwemitengo yefetereza kuri kukanganisa nzvimbo dzekudyara
MuUnited States, kukwira kwemitengo yefetereza kunotarisirwa kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura pasarudzo dzekudyara, kunyanya kana purofiti yatove shoma.
Mumwe munhu anoona nezvekudya akati kukwira kwemitengo yefetereza munguva pfupi yapfuura kuchaita kuti pave nemhedzisiro yakakura pamusika wemupunga wekuUS. Nyanzvi dzezvekurima dzakataura kuti kuchine kushomeka kwefetereza inosvika 30% inodiwa pakurima mupunga wegore ra2026/27. Fetereza yakawanda yakatengwa nevarimi hondo isati yawedzera muMiddle East. Hondo yeMiddle East isati yatanga, mutengo wefetereza yephosphate waichinja-chinja pakati pemadhora mazana mana nemakumi manomwe nemashanu nemadhora mazana mashanu patani, asi ikozvino wakwira kusvika pamadhora mazana masere patani kana kutopfuura.
Nyanzvi yemupunga yekuAmerica yakaratidza kuti kubva pakatanga gakava muMiddle East, mitengo yefetereza yakakwira ne70%-75%, zvichikonzera kushushikana nezvekuderera kwenzvimbo dzekudyara, kunyangwe hazvo mhedzisiro yacho ichiri kujeka.
Zvisinei, mamiriro acho anosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo. MuCalifornia, goho remupunga wepakati-pakati rinotarisirwa kuramba rakagadzikana. Mumwe murimi akati nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana, nzvimbo yekurima mupunga muCalifornia haingaderedzi.
Kunze kwemitengo yefetereza, vagadziri vari kutarisanawo nekuwedzera kwemitengo, kusanganisira kutakurwa, makemikari uye kurongedza, izvo zvinowedzera kuderedza purofiti.
Mushumo wechinangwa chekudyara wakaburitswa neUS Department of Agriculture musi wa31 Kurume wakasimbisa tarisiro yemusika. Mushumo unoratidza kuti nzvimbo yekudyara mupunga wezviyo zvirefu gore rino i1.648 miriyoni maeka, kudzikira kukuru kwe24% zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, uye uchavawo mwero wakaderera kubvira muna 1983, zvichiratidza kudzikira kukuru kwesimba rekugadzira.
India:
Matanho ehurumende ekuderedza kukanganiswa kwefetereza
Kusiyana neizvi, India inoita kunge isina dziviriro huru kumitengo yefetereza yepasi rose, nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakakwana hwezvinhu zviri muforoma uye matanho ekugadzirira akatorwa nehurumende mwaka wekudyara usati wasvika.
Bazi reIndian Chemicals and Fertilizers rakaburitsa mushumo musi wa10 Kurume richiti munguva yekudyara kwemwaka wekutanga kwechirimo (kubva Gumiguru 1, 2025 kusvika Kurume 5, 2026), huwandu hweurea, diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride (MOP), uye nitrogen-phosphorus-kiln compound fertilizer (NPKS) hwakanga hwakakwana, huchikwanisa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekurima, uye mamiriro ezvese zvenyika aive akanaka.
Gwaro iri rinotiwo, kuitira kuderedza njodzi dzekuwanikwa kwefetereza uye kuona kuti kuwanikwa kwefetereza hakuchinji, hurumende yakabatana nenyika dzakapfuma kuti zviite kuti zvibvumirano zvenguva refu nemagwaro ekunzwisisana pakati pemakambani efetereza ekuIndia nevatengesi vepasi rose zvisashande. Zvirongwa izvi zvinosanganisira kutenga matani mamiriyoni 3.1 efetereza pagore kubva kuSaudi Arabia, matani mamiriyoni 3.01 kubva kuRussia, uye matani mamiriyoni 2.5 kubva kuMorocco.
Bazi rezvekurima reIndia rakataura kuti India yave kuwedzera zvinhu zvinopinzwa kubva kunze kwenyika kuburikidza nemitengo yemitengo. Kubva musi wa10 Kurume, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika hwakawedzera ne36.6% gore rega rega. Mumwe mutengesi wemupunga muDelhi akati maererano nekunzwisisa kwake, fetereza haisati yava dambudziko nekuti musanganiswa wezvigadzirwa zveIndia wakasiyana-siyana.
Mutauriri weBazi rezvekune dzimwe nyika, Randhir Jaswal, vakataura pamusangano wevatori venhau wakaitwa musi wa19 Kurume kuti, maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo pari zvino ekuwanikwa kwefetereza, kunyanya yezvirimwa zvemwaka wekudyara wemwaka wemwaka wekupera kwegore ra2026, huwandu hwefetereza hwakakwana. Bazi reFetereza rakapawo chibvumirano chepasi rose pachine nguva kuti rigadzirise mamiriro aripo pari zvino, uye rakawana mhinduro yakanaka kwazvo. Tinotarisira kuti fetereza zhinji dzakatengwa kubva mumatanho akasiyana-siyana dzichasvika pakupera kwaKurume.
Nyanzvi dzemusika dzakawedzera kuti kunyange hazvo mitengo yefetereza yakwira, India haingakanganisike nekuti hurumende ichatakura kukanganiswa nekukwira kwemitengo. Izvi zvakafanana nemamiriro ezvinhu ari mumusika wemafuta, uko mitengo yemafuta pasi rose yakwira asi mitengo yepeturu yemuno muIndia haina kukwira.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-21-2026
