Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Dare reHurumende rakaburitsa "Chirongwa Chekuita NeCarbon Peak cheNguva yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemashanu" (chinozonzi "Chirongwa Chekuita"), chichironga basa rekuwedzera carbon peak munguva yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemashanu.
"Chirongwa Chekuita" chinotaura kuti panosvika gore ra2030, kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide muChina pachikamu chimwe nechimwe cheGDP kuchaderedzwa ne17% zvichienzaniswa negore ra2025, uye huwandu hwesimba risingashandiswi muzvinhu zvechinyakare huchasvika 25%.Izvi zvichavimbisa kuti chinangwa chekupisa kabhoni chichasvika panguva yakakodzera, zvichiisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvenyika zvekuzvipira panosvika gore ra2035 uye zvichikurudzira kusapindira mune zvekupisa kabhoni.
"Chirongwa Chekuita" chakaita mabasa mashanu akakosha. Chekutanga, chinangwa chayo ndechekukurumidzisa kugadziriswa kwesimba uye kukurudzira kukura kwesimba risiri rezvisaririra, kuwedzera kugona kwesimba remagetsi kuti rigamuchire simba idzva, kukurudzira zvakasimba kutsiviwa kwekushandiswa kwemarasha kwakachena, uye kuramba uchivandudza chimiro chemafuta negasi. Chechipiri, inotarisa pakukurudzira shanduko yegreen nelow-carbon yemaindasitiri, kukurudzira shanduko yegreen nelow-carbon yemaindasitiri, kuita kuchengetedza simba uye kugadzirisa carbon mumaindasitiri echinyakare, kukurumidzisa kuvaka mapaki ezero-carbon nemafekitori zero-carbon, kukurudzira shanduko yegreen nelow-carbon yemakomputa, uye kushandisa basa rehupfumi hwedenderedzwa mukuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon.Chechitatu, zvinowedzera shanduko yegreen uye low-carbon munzvimbo dzakakosha,kukurudzira kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kabhoni mubazi rekuvaka nemasangano ehurumende, kukurumidzisa shanduko yekabhoni shoma mubazi rezvekufambisa, uye kubatanidza nekusimudzira kugona kwenzvimbo dzinoyerera kabhoni. Chechina, inosimbisa rutsigiro nevimbiso, inovandudza hurongwa hwemutemo nemutemo, inovandudza nhamba dzekabhoni dzinoburitsa uye hurongwa hwekuverenga, kusimbisa rutsigiro rwesainzi netekinoroji nekurima tarenda, kusimudzira rutsigiro rwemari, kuvandudza mitemo yemitengo, uye kugadzira nzira dzemusika. Cheshanu, inobatanidza zvese zvinoitwa nemapato, kujekesa mabasa emunharaunda, kutanga zviito zvevanhu zvekabhoni shoma, uye kuwedzera kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzekabhoni shoma.
"Chirongwa Chekuita" chinotsanangurawo mapurojekiti akakosha, anosanganisira kubatsirana pakati pemapurovhinzi, kushandiswa kwemarasha zvakanaka, kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kabhoni mumaindasitiri akakosha, kudziyisa nekutonhodza kabhoni shoma uye isina kabhoni, kuvaka nzira dzekutakura kabhoni dzisina kabhoni, uye kuvandudza kugona kwenheyo yekupisa kabhoni zvakanyanya uye kusapindirana kwekabhoni.
Chirongwa Chekuita Nemusoro weCarbon che "15-15″
Nguva ye "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana" inhanho yakakosha uye inonetsa yekuzadzisa kukwirira kwecarbon. Kuti zviitwe sarudzo nehurongwa hweCentral Committee yeCommunist Party yeChina neState Council, uye kukurudzira nekushingaira uye zvishoma nezvishoma uye kusvika pakukwirira kwecarbon, pamwe nekukurumidzisa shanduko yakazara yekukura kwehupfumi nemagariro, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakakosha zvakaita seEnvironmental Protection Law Code uye "Comprehensive Evaluation and Assessment Measures for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality", chirongwa ichi chakagadzirwa.
I. Kukurumidzisa Kugadziriswa kweMagadzirirwo eSimba
(1) Kurudzira nesimba kukura kwesimba risiri rezvisaririra. Tevedzera musanganiswa wesimba remhepo, rezuva, remvura, uye renyukireya rine simba rakawanda, uye wedzera simba idzva nesimba. Ronga hurongwa hwekuvandudza nekushandisa uye vimbisa kushandiswa nekushandiswa. Wedzera kuwanikwa kunobudirira kwesimba risiri rezvisaririra. Vaka mabhesi esimba akachena akadai sesimba remhepo neremagetsi ezuva mu "Northwest neNortheast", kubatanidzwa kwemvura nemhepo-nezuva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, simba renyukireya remahombekombe, uye simba remhepo rekunze kwegungwa. Kurudzira nesimba remhepo rinoparadzirwa neremagetsi ezuva, kukurudzira kukura kukuru kwesimba rezuva rakasimba, kugadzirwa kwesimba regungwa, uye kushandisa simba rebiomass nesimba regeothermal zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo. Kuronga uye kuvaka mabhesi akabatanidzwa emhepo, rezuva, rehydrogen, reammonia, uye doro. Kurumidza kufukidzwa kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi matsva nemagetsi matsva akachena. Panosvika gore ra2030, simba remhepo nezuva richasvika pamakirowati anopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri nemazana masere (2.8 billion kilowatts), simba remvura richasvika pamakirowati angangoita mamiriyoni mazana mana negumi (410 million kilowatts), uye simba rekushandisa renyukireya richasvika pamakirowati angangoita mamiriyoni zana negumi (110 million kilowatts).
(2) Kurumidza kuvandudza kugona kwesimba remagetsi kugamuchira simba idzva. Gadzirira mafambiro ekuvandudza simba idzva, simbisa kugona kwesimba remagetsi kugamuchira, kugadzirisa, uye kudzora simba idzva. Wedzera kugona kwekutumira simba kubva kumatunhu akasiyana-siyana uye matunhu akasiyana-siyana uye kubatsirana, mhanyisa kuvaka nzira dzekutumira simba remagetsi rakakwirira, wedzera kugona kwekutumira simba kubva kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva neanopfuura mamiriyoni makumi masere emakirowatts, uye kurudzira nesimba kuvaka mapurojekiti ekubatsirana kwesimba remagetsi pakati pematunhu. Tsigira kushandiswa kwesimba idzva munharaunda, simbisa kubatana kwesimba remagetsi rakachena, uye mukana wekuwana simba idzva kune network dzekugovera dzinowedzera, kurudzira kuvandudzwa kwakabatana kwenzvimbo, grid, mutoro, uye kuchengetwa. Ramba uchiwedzera huwandu hwezviwanikwa zvekugadzirisa musimba remagetsi, tevedzera kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza, kurongeka kwezvinodiwa, uye kuronga kwakagadziridzwa, uye ita kuvaka nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinopombiwa zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo; kurudzira kuvandudzwa kukuru kwenzvimbo itsva yekuchengetera simba; ongorora mukana wekutonga kwezvinodiwa, mhanyisa kuvandudzwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvevirtual, uye kurudzira kutora chikamu kwezviwanikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakapararira zvakaita semitoro inogadziriswa mukutonga kwesisitimu. Zvishoma nezvishoma tsanangurai chiyero chidiki chekushandiswa kwesimba rinogona kushandiswazve mumaindasitiri akakosha anoshandisa simba. Panosvika gore ra2030, kugona kwakaitwa kwenzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinopombwa kuchasvika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu emakirowati, kugona kwakaitwa kwenzvimbo itsva yekuchengetera simba kuchasvika mamiriyoni mazana matatu emakirowati, kugona kukuru kwekutonga kwenzvimbo yemagetsi yenyika kuchasvika mamiriyoni makumi mashanu emakirowati, uye kugona kwesimba remagetsi kuchasvika 5% yemutengo wepamusoro wemagetsi.
(3) Kurudzira zvakadzama kushandiswa kwemarasha kwakachena. Kudzora zvine mwero kugona kwakaiswa uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa marasha, kukurudzira kushandurwa kwemagetsi anoshandiswa marasha kuti atsigire uye agadzirise masosi emagetsi, uye kutsigira kubatanidzwa kwemagetsi anoshandiswa marasha nesimba idzva. Kushandura mayuniti emagetsi anoshandiswa marasha ane kabhoni shoma, kuita shanduko yekuchinja kupisa kwemayuniti emagetsi anoshandiswa marasha munzvimbo dzekuchamhembe pasi pepfungwa yekuti hazvikanganisi kupisa, kutsigira kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera kupisa mumayuniti emagetsi anoshandiswa marasha. Simbisa tsvakiridzo nekuvandudza uye kushandiswa kwemayuniti emagetsi anoshandiswa marasha anoshanda uye anochengetedza simba uye michina yavo yekubatsira. Zviri pamutemo uye zvinoenderana nemirairo, kubvisa zvachose uye kudzima mayuniti emagetsi anoshandiswa marasha (kusanganisira mayuniti ega) asingasvike pakuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kushandiswa kwesimba, kushandiswa kwemarasha, kuchengetedzeka, uye zvinodiwa nezera. Kurudzira nesimba mayuniti emagetsi anoshandiswa nemamarasha kuti atore chikamu mukugera grid peak. Kurudzira kushandurwa kwekabhoni shoma kwemaindasitiri emakemikari emarasha, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemarasha uye kuburitswa kwekabhoni payuniti yega yega chigadzirwa, uye kutsigira kuvandudzwa kwemapurojekiti emakemikari emarasha nemagetsi egirini nehydrogen yegirini. Kurudzirai nesimba kutsiva mabhoyira anopiswa nemarasha nemachoto emaindasitiri anopiswa nemarasha, bvisai zvachose mabhoyira anopiswa nemarasha ane simba rematani gumi paawa kana pasi, uye tsivai zvishoma nezvishoma mabhoyira madiki nepakati anopiswa nemarasha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. "Bhizinesi rimwe, mutemo mumwe" unokurudzira kuiswa kwezvirongwa zvekuderedza kushandiswa kwemarasha uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemabhizinesi anoshandisa marasha. Tsigirai matunhu ane hunyanzvi kuti aite kutsiva kushandiswa kwemarasha kwakaenzana kana kuderedzwa kwemapurojekiti matsva asiri "maviri makuru".
(4) Gara uchivandudza mashandisirwo emafuta negasi. Kurudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta egirini akadai sehydrogen ammonia alcohol, bio-diesel, uye mafuta endege anochengetedza nharaunda. Kurudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta emakemikari, ongorora kushandiswa kwehydrogen ammonia alcohol muindasitiri yemakemikari, uye kurudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta emagetsi eindasitiri nekupisa. Tungamira kukura kwekushandiswa kwegasi rechisikigo kuti rirambe riri pakati penzvimbo yakakodzera, isa pamberi kuve nechokwadi chekuwanikwa kwegasi remumba, tungamira kushandiswa kwegasi kwemaindasitiri nemabhizinesi akakosha, uye kuvaka nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinosimudzira gasi rechisikigo zvichienderana nemamiriro emuno. Simbisa kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemafuta negasi pamatanho ese ekugadzira nekushandisa, vandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa zvemafuta negasi.
II. Kukurudzira Kubudirira Kwemaindasitiri Ane Kabhoni Yakawanda uye Ane Kabhoni Yakaderera
(5) Kurudzira shanduko yegreen nelow-carbon yechimiro chemaindasitiri. Zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakarongeka, bvisa kugona kwekugadzira nemidziyo zviri kumashure uye zvisina kushanda zvakanaka. Simbisa manejimendi yakajairika yekugona kugadzira simende. Kudzora zvinobudirira mapurojekiti e "kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda uye kusvibiswa kwakanyanya", kusimbisa kutonga kwenzvimbo, kuita ongororo yekuchengetedza simba uye kuongorora kuderedza kabhoni, uye kuita zvinodiwa zvekuenzanisa kuburitsa kabhoni kana kutsiva mapurojekiti matsva emaindasitiri (kugadzirisa, kuwedzera) "kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda uye kusvibiswa kwakanyanya". Kurumidza kuvandudzwa kwesimba rakasvibirira, kugadzira green, uye masevhisi egirinhi uye mamwe maindasitiri egirinhi uye ane kabhoni shoma, ramba uchivandudza zvakanakira zvesimba idzva, mota itsva dzesimba, maindasitiri ebhatiri, nezvimwewo, uye kurima maindasitiri ehydrogen, mafuta akasvibirira, nezvimwewo. Tsigira kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri ebasa rekutarisira kabhoni, kusimudzira mamodheru ekutonga ebato rechitatu senge manejimendi esimba rekontrakiti, uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yedhijitari neyakangwara mukuvandudza green nelow-carbon.
(6) Itai basa rekuchengetedza simba uye kugadzirisa kabhoni mumaindasitiri echinyakare. Tarisai pamidziyo mikuru inoshandisa simba, zvishandiso, uye maitiro mumaindasitiri akakosha, tangai zvizere kugadzirisa kuchengetedza simba uye kugadzirisa kabhoni, kurudzirai nesimba kushandiswa kwetekinoroji nemidziyo yekuchengetedza simba uye ine kabhoni shoma, simbisai hunyanzvi hwemaitiro ekuderedza kabhoni shoma uye shanduko yedhijitari, uye kuvandudza zvinobudirira kushandiswa kwesimba nezviwanikwa uye kuderedza huwandu hwekabhoni inoburitswa. Simbisai kutarisira kuchengetedza simba, vandudzai nzira yekuongorora kushanda kwesimba muminda yakakosha. Munguva ye "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana", kuburitswa kwekabhoni dioksijeni payuniti yekuwedzera kukosha kwemaindasitiri emaindasitiri makuru kuchaderedzwa neinopfuura 17%, kushandiswa kwesimba payuniti yekuwedzera kukosha kwemaindasitiri kuchaderedzwa neinopfuura 10%, kushandiswa kwesimba payuniti yeGDP kuchaderedzwa neinenge 10%, uye kugona kuchengetedza simba kwematani anopfuura mamiriyoni 150 emarasha akajairwa kuchawanikwa kuburikidza nekuchengetedza simba uye kugadzirisa kuderedza kabhoni mumakambani akakosha.
(7) Kurumidza kuvaka mapaki asina kabhoni uye mafekitori asina kabhoni. Kurudzira kuvaka mapaki enyika asina kabhoni, kupa gwara rekuvaka mapaki asina kabhoni, kutsigira nzvimbo kuti dzigadzirise mapaki asina kabhoni uye asina kabhoni zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo. Tungamira mapurojekiti matsva ekuisa pamberi kuunganidzwa kwemapaki asina kabhoni, kukurumidzisa kuumbwa kwe "kugadzirwa kwegirini kwakavakirwa pamapoka emaindasitiri" egirini, kukurudzira mitoro iripo mumapaki asina kabhoni kuti ibatane zvakananga nemagetsi egirini, kutsigira kushandiswa kwetekinoroji itsva nedzisina kabhoni uye mamodheru matsva. Kurudzira nesimba kuvaka mafekitori asina kabhoni, kutsigira mabhizinesi ane hunyanzvi eindasitiri kuti aite kubatana kwakananga nemagetsi egirini, kusimudzira pamwe chete kuvaka nekushandiswa kwemagridi egirini egirini, nzvimbo dzemagetsi edhijitari uye manejimendi ecarbon, uye kuedza kuvandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa munharaunda. Munguva ye "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana", mapaki enyika angangoita zana egirini asina kabhoni uye mafekitori mazana mashanu asina kabhoni achavakwa.
(8) Kukurudzira shanduko yezvivakwa zvemakombiyuta zvine girini uye zvine kabhoni shoma. Simbisa kurongeka kwakarongeka kwezvivakwa zvemakombiyuta zvine simba rinogona kudzokororwa, kutsigira kuwanikwa kwemagetsi akasvibirira, kugadzirisa zvine musoro kuchengetwa kwesimba, manyuko emagetsi ekuchengetedza uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvinotsigira, kukurudzira kushandiswa kukuru kwemagetsi esimba asiri ekare kune zvivakwa zvemakombiyuta zvitsva. Kuvandudza mwero wekuchengetedza simba uye wekuderedza kabhoni kune zvivakwa zvemakombiyuta, kukurudzira kuchengetedza simba uye kugadzirisa zvivakwa zvemakombiyuta zvisina kutevedzera mitemo, kubvisa matekinoroji nemidziyo zvakasara uye zvisina kushanda zvakanaka, uye kuvandudza mwero wekushanda nesimba kwezvivakwa zvemakombiyuta. Kurumidza kuvaka zvivakwa zvemakombiyuta zvine girini, kukurudzira kuvaka zvivakwa zvemakombiyuta zvisina kabhoni.
(9) Ita basa rehupfumi hwemhepo mukuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon. Kurudzira nesimba modhi yekugadzira zvinhu zvakatenderedzwa, kusimbisa kushandiswa kwakazara kwemarara, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kudzokororwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura, uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura yakasviba, gasi rakasviba, mvura yakasviba, uye marara akasara. Kurumidza kuvandudza network yekudzokororwa kwemarara, kukurudzira modhi yekudzokororwa kwe "Internet +", uye kugadzirisa nzira dze "exchange + recycling". Simbisa kudzokororwa kwakajairika uye kushandiswa kwakanatswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemagetsi, mabhatiri emarara, midziyo yemhepo nemagetsi yakabviswa, mota dzakaraswa, uye michina yekurima yakaraswa, kuwedzera nzira dzekushandisa zvakakwana marara akasimba akadai semadota emhepo, gangue yemarasha, marara ekurima, uye manyowa ezvipfuyo, kukurumidzisa kushandiswa kwetekinoroji itsva uye ine kabhoni shoma uye mhando itsva. Kurudzira nesimba kuvaka mafekitori asina kabhoni, kutsigira mabhizinesi ane hunyanzvi ekugadzira magetsi akachena zvakananga, kusimudzira pamwe chete kuvaka nekushandisa maindasitiri emagetsi madiki, nzvimbo dzekutonga simba redhijitari nekabhoni, uye kuedza kusimudzira basa rekutsigira kudzokororwa kwezviwanikwa mukuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-15-2026
